principles of systematics and nomenclature | general system and phylogeny of insects | systematics of Ephemeroptera |
Saint-Petersburg State University * Biological Faculty * Department of Entomology * N.J. Kluge |
NEW IDEAS ABOUT TRANSFORMATION OF
INSECTS WITH COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
Larval/pupal leg transformation and a new diagnosis for the taxon Metabola = Oligoneoptera
Table 1. Systematic position of accepted taxa mentioned in the text
1 Mandibulata
Snodgrass 1935
(Scarabaeus/fg1)
1.1
Eucrustacea Kingsley 1894
(Cancer/fg1)
1.2
Atelocerata Heymons 1901 (Scarabaeus/fg2)
1.2.1
Myriapoda Latreille 1802 (Scolopendra/fg1)
1.2.2
Hexapoda Latreille 1802 (Scarabaeus/fg3)
1.2.2.1
Entognatha Stummer-Traunfels 1891
(Podura/fg1)
1.2.2.2
Amyocerata Remington 1955
(Scarabaeus/fg4)
1.2.2.2.1
Triplura Ewing 1942 (Lepisma/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2
Pterygota Gegenbaur1878 (Scarabaeus/fg5)
1.2.2.2.2.1
Ephemeroptera Hyatt & Arms 1891
(Ephemera/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2
Metapterygota Borner 1909
(Scarabaeus/fg6)
1.2.2.2.2.2.1
Odonata Fabricius 1793 (Libellula/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2
Neoptera Martynov 1923 (Scarabaeus/fg7)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.1
Polyneoptera Martynov 1923
(Gryllus/f1=Forficula/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2
Eumetabola Hennig 1953
(Scarabaeus/fg8)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1
Parametabola Crampton 1938
(Cimex/f1=Cicada/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.1
Zoraptera Silvestri 1913 (Zorotypus/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2
Acercaria Borner 1904 (Cimex/f2=Cicada/g2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.1
Panpsocoptera Crampton 1938
(Psocus/f1=Pediculus/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2
Condylognatha Borner 1904
(Cimex/f3=Cicada/g3)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.1
Thysanoptera Haliday 1836
(Thrips/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2
Arthroidignatha Spinola 1850
(Cimex/f4=Cicada/g4)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2.1
Hemelytrata Fallen 1829 (Cimex/f5=Cicada/g5)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2.2
Plantisuga Dumeril 1805 (Aphis/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.1
Aphidococca Kluge 2011 (Aphis/fg2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.1.1
Gynaptera Laporte 1834 (Aphis/fg3)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.1.2
Gallinsecta De Geer 1776 (Coccus/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.2
Psyllaleyroda Kluge 2011 (=
Psylla/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.2.1
Scytinelytra Amyot & Serville 1843
(Aleyrodes/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.2.2
Saltipedes Amyot & Serville 1843
(Psylla/fg2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2
Metabola Burmeister 1832 (Scarabaeus/fg9)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1
Neuropteroidea Handlirsch 1903
(Myrmeleon/f1=Hemerobius/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.1
Birostrata Kluge 2005 (Myrmeleon/f2=Hemerobius/g2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2
Rhaphidioptera Navas 1916
(Raphidia/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.3
Meganeuroptera Crampton 1916
(Corydalus/f1=Chauliodes/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.1
Nothomegaloptera Engel 2004
(Sialis/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.2
Eumegaloptera Riek 1974 (Corydalus/f2=Chauliodes/g2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2
Elytrophora Packard 1883 (Scarabaeus/fg10)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1
Eleuterata Fabricius 1775 (Coleoptera: De Geer
1774
)
(Scarabaeus/fg11)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.1
plesiomorphon Archostemata Kolbe 1908
(Cupes/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2
Pantophaga Klausnitzer 1975
(Scarabaeus/fg12)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.1 Adephaga Stephens 1829
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2
Polyphaga Emery 1886 (s.l.)
(Scarabaeus/fg13)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2
Strepsiptera Kirby 1813 (Stylops/f1=Xenos/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3
Panzygothoraca Kluge 2004
(Papilio/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.1
Hymenoptera Linnaeus 1758
(Vespa/f1=Cynips/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.1.1
plesiomorphon Symphyta
Gerstaecker
1867 (Tenthredo/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.1.2
Apocrita Gerstaecker 1867
(Vespa/f2=Cynips/g2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2
Enteracantha Kluge 2010
(Panorpa/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2.1
Scorpiomusci Kluge 2004 (Panorpa/fg2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2.2
Nannomecoptera Hinton 1981
(Nannochorista/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2.3
Metamecoptera Crampton 1930
(Bittacus/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2.4
Pleuroptera Kluge 2010
(Pulex/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2.4.1
Raphioptera MacLeay 1821 (Boreus/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2.4.2
Aphaniptera Kirby & Spense 1815
(Pulex/fg2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.3
Diptera Linnaeus 1758 (Musca/f1=Oestrus/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.3.1
plesiomorphon Nemocera Latreille 1817
(Tipula/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.3.2
Brachocera Macquart 1834 (Musca/f2=Oestrus/g2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.3.2.1
plesiomorphon Mesodiptera Crampton 1916
(Bombylius/f1=Tabanus/g1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.3.2.2
Cyclorapha Brauer 1863 (Musca/f3=Oestrus/g3)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.4 Amphiesmenoptera
Kiriakoff 1948 (Papilio/fg2)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.4.1
Trichoptera Kirby 1813 (Phryganea/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.4.2
Lepidoptera Linnaeus 1758
(Papilio/fg3)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.4.2.1
plesiomorphon Protolepidoptera Packard 1895
(Micropterix/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.4.2.2
Glossolepidoptera Kluge 2005
(Papilio/fg4)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.4.2.2.1
plesiomorphon Palaeolepidoptera Packard 1895
(Eriocrania/fg1)
1.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.4.2.2.2
Neolepidoptera Packard 1895
(Papilio/fg4)