EPHEMEROPTERA OF THE WORLD

arb.sig. ABC

z   

references:  

publications by Eaton

                 

Eaton A.E. 1883–1888
A revisional monograph of recent Ephemeridae or mayflies. 

Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (2) 3: 1–352, pl.1–65.

       

CONTENTS

  

Part I (read April 19th, 1883)

1–77

; diminished file

  Introductory remarks 

1

  Structure of Ephemeridae in general. Adults 

2

  Habits of the flies 

8

  Oviposition and the egg 

11

  The young of the Ephemeridae 

12

  Characters which have been used as basis of 
classification, but which are not fundamental  

17

  History of the classification of the Ephemeridae

18

  Systematic description 

22

    Group I 

22

      Series I 

22

        Section 1 – Type of Palingenia 

22

          Subsection A 

22

            Palingenia Burm. 1839

23

                               sp. (Ceylon), sp. (Brazil) - nymph:Pl.25

              subgen. Palingenia (typical)

23

                               P. longicauda 24 imago:Pl.1
                               P. fuliginosa 25

              subgen. Anagenesia 

25

                               P. sibirica 26
                               P. lata 26

imago:Pl.1

                               P. ampla sp.n. 26
                               P. javanica sp.n.  27 imago:Pl.1,2
                               P. tenera sp.n. 27 imago:Pl.2
                               P. papuana 27 imago:Pl.2

              subgen. – ?P. atrostoma

28

          Subsection B  

28

            Oligoneuria Pict. 1845     

29

                               O. anomala   30 imago:Pl.3
                               O. rhenana 31 imago:Pl.3, nymph:Pl.26

            Elassoneuria Etn. 1881     

32

                               E. Trimeniana 32 imago:Pl.3

            Spaniophlebia Etn. 1881

33

 

                               S. Trailiae 33 imago:Pl.3
                               S. pallipes sp.n. 34

            Lachlania Hag. 1868

34

 

                               L. abnormis 35 imago:Pl.3
                               L. lucida sp.n. 35

            Homoeoneuria Etn. 1881

35

                               H. Salviniae 36 imago:Pl.3

        Section 2 – Type of Polymitarcys  

36

            Euthyplocia Etn. 1871

36

nymph:Pl.29
                               E. hecuba 37 imago:Pl.4
                               E. anceps 38 imago:Pl.4

            Campsurus Etn. 1868

38

                               C. latipennis 39 imago:Pl.5
                               C. albifilum 39 imago:Pl.5
                               C. albicans 39
                               C. cuspidatus 40 imago:Pl.5
                               C. quadridentatus 40 imago:Pl.5
                               C. curtus 40 imago:Pl.5
                               C. decoloratus  41
                               C. dorsalis 41
                               C. sp. ? Texas - imago:Pl.5
                               related to Campsurus - wings:Pl.6

            Jolia Etn. 1881

42

                               J. Roeselii 43 imago:Pl.2, nymph:Pl.27

            Polymitarcys Etn. 1868

43

                               P. virgo 45 imago:Pl.6, nymph:Pl.28
                               P. Savignyi  46
                               P. indicus 47
                               P. albus 47
                               S. African sp.  - wing:Pl.6
                               N.W. Indian sp. - wing:Pl.6

      Series II

47

        Section 3 – Type of Ephemera

48

            Hexagenia Walsh 1863

48

nymph:Pl.29, Pl.63
                               H. N.W. Indiana sp. - imago:Pl.7
                               H. albivitta 49
                               H. mexicana sp.n. 50
                               H. bilineata 50 imago:Pl.7
                               H. munda sp.n. 53
                               H. venusta sp.n.   54
                               H. variabilis nom.n. = H. limbata 55 imago:Pl.7

            Ephemera Linn. 1746

58

 

                               E. vulgata 59 imago:Pl.8, nymph:Pl.30
                               E. danica 61 imago:Pl.8
                               E. lineata 63
                               E. glaucops 64 imago:Pl.8
                               E. compar 65 imago:Pl.63
                               E. guttulata 66 imago:Pl.63
                               E. simulans 67 imago:Pl.63
                               E. varia nom.n. = E. decora 69 imago:Pl.63
                               E. flaveola 71
                               E. myops 72
                               E. immaculata 72
                               E. expectans 72
                               E. supposita nom.n. = E. fasciata 72 imago:Pl.8
                               E. serica 73
                               E. orientalis 74
                               E. japonica   74

            Pentagenia Walsh 1863

75

 

                               P. vittigera 76 imago:Pl.8

Part II (read February 17th, 1884)

77–152

; diminished file

    Group II

77

      Series I

77

        Section 4 – Type of Potamanthus

78

            Potamanthus Pict. 1843–5

78

  

                               P. luteus 79 imago:Pl.9, nymph:Pl.31
                               P. Ferreri 80

            Rhoenanthus Etn. 1881

81

 

                               Rh. speciosus 81 imago:Pl.9

      Series II

81

        Section 5 – Type of Leptophlebia

82

            Atalophlebia Etn. 1881

83

 .

                               A. fasciata 84 imago:Pl.64
                               A. annulata 85 imago:Pl.10
                               A. Taprobanes 85 imago:Pl.10
                               A. femoralis 85
                               A. australis 86
                               A. australasica 86 imago:Pl.10
                               A. furcifera 87
                               A. inconspicua 87
                               A. dentata 88
                               A. strigata 88 imago:Pl.10
                               A. costalis 89
                               A. nodularis 89 imago:Pl.10
                               A. scita  90 imago:Pl.10
                               A. chilensis sp.n. 91 imago:Pl.10
                               A. tabularis sp.n. 91 imago:Pl.10
                               subim. from Brazil - subim.:Pl.10

            Leptophlebia Westw. 1840

91

 

                               L. marginata 93 imago:Pl.11
                               L. submarginata 94
                               L. castanea 95
                               L. Meyeri sp.n. 95 imago:Pl.11
                               L. cincta 95 nymph:Pl.32
                               L. vaciva sp.n. 97
                               L. mollis 97 imago:Pl.11
                               L. memorialis 98
                               L. debilis 98
                               L. gregalis sp.n. 98
                               L. rufivenosa sp.n. 99
                               L. praepedita sp.n.   99 imago:Pl.11

            Blasturus Etn. 1881

100

nymph:Pl.33

                               B. cupidus = B. concinnus 101 imago:Pl.11
                               B. gravastellus sp.n.   102
                               B. nebulosus 103
                               (?) B. vespertinus 103

            Choroterpes Etn. 1881

104

                               Ch. picteti 105 imago:Pl.12, nymph:Pl.34

            Thraulus Etn. 1881

106

  

                               Th. bellus 107 imago:Pl.12, nymph:Pl.35
                               Th. signatus 108
                               Th. exiguus sp.n. 108 imago:Pl.13
                               Th. mexicanus sp.n. 109 imago:Pl.13
                               Th. sp. = Calliarcys sp. 109 imago:Pl.13
                               Th. lepidus sp.n. 109
                               Th. colombiae 110 imago:Pl.13
                               Th. laetus sp.n. 110 imago:Pl.13

            Adenophlebia Etn. 1881

111

                               A. dislocans 112 imago:Pl.13

            Hagenulus Etn. 1882

113

                               H. caligatus 113 imago:Pl.15

            Habrophlebia Etn. 1881

114

                               H. fusca 116 imago:Pl.13, nymph:Pl.36, imago:Pl.64
                               H. nervulosa 117
                               H. modesta 118 imago:Pl.13
                               H. umbratilis sp.n. 119  
                               H. mesoleuca 120
                               H. lauta nom.n. 120

            Calliarcys Etn. 1881

121

 

                               C. humilis 122 imago:Pl.14
            nameless N.-American insect - hind wing:Pl.65

        Section 6 – Type of Ephemerella

122

            Ephemerella Walsh 1862

124

 

                               E. ignita 126 imago:Pl.14, nymph:Pl.37
                               E. inermis sp.n. 127
                               E. grandis sp.n. 128
                               E. Walkeri nom.n. = Beatis fuscata 129
                               E. invaria 129 imago:Pl.14
                               E. excrucians 130
                               E. consimilis 130
                               E. elongatula 131
                               E. sp. (N. American) - imago:Pl.14

            5 nymphs allied to Ephemerella

131

nymph:Pl.38,39,40 ; Pl.64

            Teloganodes Etn. 1882

134

  

                               T. tristis 135 imago:Pl.15
                               T. major sp.n. 136

      Series III

136

        Section 7 – Type of Caenis

137

            Tricorythus Etn. 1868

138

 

                               T. varicauda 139
                               T. discolor 139
                               T. (Malay sp.) - wing:Pl.15
                               T. (?) sp. (nymph) 140 nymph:Pl.41

            Leptohyphes Etn. 1882

149

 

                               L. eximius 140 imago:Pl.15

            Caenis Steph. 1835

141

  

                               C. dimidiata 142 imago:Pl.15
                               C. lactea 144
                               C. halterata 144 imago:Pl.15, nymph:Pl.42
                               C. robusta sp.n. 145
                               C. Harrisella = Oxycypha luctuosa 146 nymph:Pl.42
                               C. oophora   146
                               C. argentata 146
                               C. hilaris 147
                               C. diminuta 147
                               C. perpusilla 147
                               C. cibaria 148
                               C. kungu 148
                               C. sp. (Portugal) - nymph:Pl.42

        Section 8 – Type of Prosopistoma

149

 

            Prosopistoma Lat. 1833

149

                               P. foliaceum = P. punctifrons 150 imago:Pl.15, nymph:Pl.43
                               P. variegatum 152

Part III (read February 19th, 1885)

153–230

; diminished file

      Series IV

153

        Section 9 – Type of Baetis

153

            Baetis Leach 1815

156

                        European species

158

 

                               B. bioculatus 158 imago:Pl.16
                               B. venustulus sp.n. 160 imago:Pl.64
                               B. scambus 160 imago:Pl.64
                               B. vernus 161 imago:Pl.16
                               B. rhodani 161 imago:Pl.16,17(Fig.29), nymph:Pl.44, imago:Pl.64
                               B. Bocagii sp.n. 162 imago:Pl.64
                               B. gemellus sp.n. 163 imago:Pl.64
                               B. atrebatinus 164 imago:Pl.64
                               B. tenax 164 imago:Pl.64
                               B. melanonyx 165 imago:Pl.64
                               B. alpinus 166 imago:Pl.64
                               B. buceratus 166 imago:Pl.64
                               B. pumilus 166 imago:Pl.16, imago:Pl.64
                               B. niger 167 imago:Pl.16

                        North American species

168

 

                               B. posticatus 169
                               B. Hageni 169
                               B. rubescens 169
                               B. propinquus 169
                               B. pygmaeus 170

                        Central and South American species

170

  

                               B. Salvini sp.n. 170 imago:Pl.16
                               (?) B. Stelzneri 171

                        Indian and Cingalese species

171

 

                               B. feminalis sp.n. 171
                               B. consuetus 172 imago:Pl.65
                               B. solidus   172 imago:Pl.65

            A nymph allied to Centroptilum, gen. incert.

173

            Centroptlum Etn. 1869

174

 

                               C. luteolum 175 imago:Pl.17, nymph:Pl.46, imago:Pl.64
                               C. lacustre sp.n. 176
                               C. pennulatum 176 imago:Pl.17
                               C. nemorale sp.n. 177
                               C. pulchrum 177
                               C. lituratum 178
                               C. stenopteryx 178
                               C. tenellum 178 imago:Pl.17
                               nameless ally of Centroptilum (Peru) - nymph:Pl.45

              American species: C. Poeyi sp.n.

179

imago:Pl.65

            Cloeon Leach 1815

179

                        Cingalese species

181

 . 

                               C. marginale 181
                               C. bimaculatum 182 imago:Pl.17

                        European species

182

 

                               C. dipterum 182 imago:Pl.17, nymph:Pl.47
                               C. simile 186 imago:Pl.17, nymph:Pl.47
                               C. concinnum sp.n. 187
                               C. subinfuscatum 188
                               C. rufulum 188 imago:Pl.17, nymph:Pl.47
                               C. sinense 189

                        American species

190

 

                               C. mendax 190
                               ? C. dubium 190
                               ? C. Oldendorffii 191

            Callibaetis Etn. 1881

191

nymph:Pl.48

                               C. Hageni nom.n. = B. tessellata 192 imago:Pl.16
                               C. ferrugineus 193 imago:Pl.16,17(Fig.28)
                               C. - sp.n.? 195
                               C. pictus 195 imago:Pl.16
                               C. undatus 196
                               C. montanus sp.n. 196 imago:Pl.16
                               C. fasciatus 197
                               C. Sellacki 198

    Group III

199

      Series I

199

        Section 10 – Type of Siphlurus

200

            Coloburus Etn. 1868

201

 

                               C. humeralis 202 imago:Pl.18
                               C. haleuticus 203 imago:Pl.18,19
                               C. (N. America) imago:Pl.18

            Chirotonetes Etn. 1881

203

nymph:Pl.49

                               Ch. ignotus 205 imago:Pl.19
                               Ch. mancus 206 imago:Pl.19
                               Ch. aridus 206 imago:Pl.18
                               Ch. intermedius sp.n. 207
                               Ch. siccus 208 imago:Pl.18
                               Ch. (?) ornatus 208 imago:Pl.19

            Metamonius gen. nov.

208

 

                               M. anceps sp.n. 209 imago:Pl.20

            Ameletus gen. nov.

210

 

                               A. dissitus sp.n. 210 imago:Pl.64
                               A. subnotatus sp.n.   211 imago:Pl.64
                               A. exquisitus sp.n. 212 imago:Pl.64

            Dipteromimus McLachlan 1875

213

 

                               D. tipuliformis 213 imago:Pl.20, imago:Pl.64

            Siphlurus Etn. 1868

214

                        European species

216

 

                               S. flavidus 216
                               S. armatus 216 imago:Pl.20
                               S. lacustris 217 imago:Pl.20, nymph:Pl.50
                               S. Linnaeanus 217

                        North-American species

218

 

                               S. occidentalis nom.n. = H. brunnea 218 imago:Pl.64
                               S. alternatus 219
                               S. femoratus   220 imago:Pl.18
                               S. bicolor 221
                               S. mirus sp.n. 221
                               S. typicus sp.n. 222

            Oniscigaster McLachlan 1873

223

 

                               O. Wakefieldi 224 imago:Pl.21, nymph:Pl.51

        Section 11 – Type of Baetisca

226

            Baetisca Walsh 1862

226

 

                               B. obesa 228 imago:Pl.21, nymph:Pl.52

      Series II (provisional)

229

        Section 12 – Type nameless

226

            genus and species undetermined

229

nymph:Pl.53

Part IV (read December 17th, 1885)

230–282

; diminished file

      Series III

230

        Section 13 – Type of Atopopus

230

            Ametropus Albarda 1878

231

 

                               A. fragilis 231 imago:Pl.22

            Atopopus Etn. 1881

232

 

                               A. tarsalis 232 imago:Pl.22

            Thalerosphyrus Etn. 1881

232

  

                               Th. determinatus 233 imago:Pl.22
                               Th. torridus 233

        Section 14 – Type of Ecdyurus

233

            Epeorus Etn. 1881

237

 

                               E. geminus sp.n. 238
                               E. assimilis sp.n. 239
                               E. alpicola 239
                               E. torrentium 241 imago:Pl.24, nymph:Pl.56
                               E. psi sp.n. 242 imago:Pl.65

            Bleptus gen. nov.

243

 

                               B. fasciatus sp.n. 243 imago:Pl.65

            Iron Etn. 1883

244

nymph:Pl.55

                               I. longimanus sp.n. 245 imago:Pl.23,24 ; Pl.65
                               I. nitidus sp.n. 246 imago:Pl.65

            Cinygma gen. nov.

247

 

                               C. integrum sp.n. 248 imago:Pl.65
                               C. par sp.n. 249 imago:Pl.65
                               C. mimus sp.n. 249
                               C. geminatum sp.n. 249

            Rhithrogena Etn. 1881

250

                        North American species

252

  

                               Rh. jejuna nom.n. 252
                               Rh. manifesta nom.n. 253
                               Rh. hageni nom.n. 253 imago:Pl.24
                               Rh. elegantula sp.n. 253
                               Rh. vitrea  253

                        European species

255

  

                               Rh. borealis 255
                               Rh. nivata 255
                               Rh. alpestris sp.n. 255
                               Rh. hybrida sp.n. 256
                               Rh. semicolorata 256 imago:Pl.23,24
                               Rh. semitincta 157 imago:Pl.24
                               Rh. aurantiaca 259 imago:Pl.24, nymph:Pl.54 ; Pl.65
                               Rh. germanica sp.n. 260 imago:Pl.24

            Paegniodes Etn. 1881

261

 

                               P. cupulatus 261 imago:Pl.23,24

            Three nymphs generis incerti

262

nymph:Pl.57,58,59

            Heptagenia Walsh 1863

265

                        North American species

266

 . 

                               H. flavescens 266
                               H. interpunctata 267

                        European and Asiatic species

268

  

                               H. sulphurea 268 imago:Pl.24
                               H. coerulans 270
                               H. flava 270
                               H. gallica sp.n. 272 imago:Pl.23,24, nymph:Pl.60
                               H. flavipennis 273

            Compsoneuria Etn. 1881

275

 

                               C. spectabilis 275 imago:Pl.23,24

            Ecdyurus Etn. 1868, revised 1881

276

                        North American species

278

nymph:Pl.61

                               E. canadensis 278
                               E. verticis 278
                               E. luridipennis 279
                               E. vicarius 280

                        European and Asiatic species

281

                          * Penis-lobes broadly expanded

281

 

                               E. Krueperi   281

Part V (read November 18th, 1886)

282–319

; diminished file

                               E. helveticus sp.n. 282 imago:Pl.24
                               E. venosus = E. quaesitor 283 imago:Pl.23,24, nymph:Pl.62
                               E. forcupula = E. italicus 286 imago:Pl.24
                               E. Bellieri  287
                               E. insignis 288 imago:Pl.24
                               E. fluminum 289 nymph:Pl.62
                               E. volitans 291
                               E. zebrata  292
                               E. fallax 293
                               E. annulifer 293

                          ** Penis-lobes obovate

293

 .

                               E. affinis sp.n. 293 imago:Pl.24
                               E. lateralis 293 nymph:Pl.62
            Undetermined - nymph:Pl.62

  Ephemeridae of uncertain genera

296

              American species of uncertain genera

296

 

                               Potamanthus Vogleri 296
                               Potamanthus Siewertii 296
                               Potamanthus (?) inanis 296
                               Thraulus (?) vitripennis 297
                               Siphlurus quebecensis 297
                               Heptagenia quebecensis 297
                               Heptagenia pudica 298
                               Heptagenia basalis 298
                               Heptagenia pulchella 299
                               Heptagenia terminata 299
                               Heptagenia simplex 300
                               Heptagenia cruentata 300
                               Heptagenia maculipennis 301
                               Ecdyonurus guttatus 301

              European species of uncertain genera

302

 

                               Baetis fuscus 302
                               Heptagenia iridana 302
                               Baetis vitreatus 302
                               Heptagenia montana   302
                               Heptagenia gemma 303

  Species .. published elswhere .. and .. first published

303

                               Campsurus Wappaei 303
                               Campsurus Holmbergii 303
                               Campsurus nappi 304
                               Ephemerella notata sp.n. 305 imago:Pl.65
                               Ephemerella hispanica sp.n. 306
                               Ameletis inopinatus sp.n.   307 imago:Pl.65

  The geographical distribution of the genera

307

  Analysis of the groups, series, sections, and genera

309

  Analytical index 

317

Additions and corrections

320–325

; diminished file

Description of the plates

326346

; diminished file

Index

347–352

; diminished file

Plates I–XXIII (imagines)

Pl.1–23

; diminished file

Plates XXIV–LXII (nymphs)

Pl.24–62

; diminished file

Plates LXIII–XLV

Pl.63–65

; diminished file

title