CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Hubbardula.

(1) Tergalii with numerous marginal processes (among the Kimminsula/g1, the same in Petersula/g1; the same in some other taxa); in mature larva the terminal process is indistinguishable among the marginal processes, and shape of tergalius is unique: each of two lamellae is greatly widened posteriad of the main trachea; costal margin is parallel to the main trachea and lacks marginal processes (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 641–649). Tergalii of young larva are less widened, with marginal processes on distal side only (ibid.: Figs 650–663). All 7 pairs of tergalii are retained.

(2) Styliger and gonostyli have peculiar structure (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 689, 698). Styliger is elongate, in the lateral areas longer than in the median area, since the boundary between the styliger and the rest of sternite forms a trapezoid line (in contrast to straight in other taxa); the median area of styliger serves for attachment of all muscles going to the gonostyli, while the longer lateral areas lack muscle bases. Sclerotization of the styliger ventrad and dorsad of the gonostyli bases is interrupted medially, so the left and the right membranous cavities in which the gonostyli are attached, are connected medially (Kluge et al. 2022: Fig. 691).

The 1st segment of gonostylus is long and straight, with prominent inner-apical angle; the 3rd segment is indistinguishable, being completely fused with the 2nd segment (in contrast to other taxa); the 4th segment is short and well-separated (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 689, 698).

Subimaginal gonostylus (which is shorter than imaginal), has sharply different form: straightened, without angulate projection separating the 1st and the 2nd segments (ibid.: Fig. 693).

Characters of Hubbardula of unclear phylogenetic status. 

(3) Apex of each paired penis lobe has no apical spine directed ventrally-medially (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 690, 697) (in contrast to Kimminsula/g3, Ceylonula and Petersula/g2). Gonoducts proximad of the penis are soft and do not form capsules of regular shape (in contrast to Ceylonula).

Subimago has the same penis structure. Subimaginal cuticle of the penis is colorless and non-sclerotized, does not retain its shape on shed exuviae.

Protopenis of last instar larva has precursors of gonopores on medio-dorsal sides of its paired lobes (Kluge et al. 2022: Fig. 696).

(4) In larva, tibia of each leg pair bears two longitudinal rows of hair-like setae: one row just on outer side, another row anteriad of it (the same in Petersula/g2 and Kimminsula/g3, in contrast to Ghatula and Ceylonula; each row has a form of setal strip with 1–3 seta in section (Kluge 2022: Figs 635, 639).

(5) In subimago and imago [but not in larva – see below], patella-tibial suture is absent on all legs (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 677, 680–681) (among Kimminsula/g1, the same in Petersula/g2 and Kimminsula/g3, in contrast to Ghatula and Ceylonula, see Index of characters [2.2.82]). 

Plesiomorphies of Hubbardula.

Patella-tibial suture of larva [but not in winged stages – see above] is absent on forelegs and present on middle and hind legs, where it is complete, i.e. crossing inner side of tibia (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 632–635, 637–638) (in contrast to all legs of Petersula/g2 and hind leg of Kimminsula/g3, see Index of characters [1.2.18], ).

Paracercus of subimago and imago is well developed, as long as cerci (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 673, 675) (in contrast to Ceylonula).