CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Kimminsula/g2.

(1) Maxilla [see Kimminsula/g1 (5)]: the subapical ventral row of comb-like setae is very long, more than half of maxilla width; its lateral portion is much longer than the median portion and consists of numerous setae closely brought together, with sockets contiguous and closely compressed; the median portion is several times shorter, consists of about 5 setae with sockets round and separated(Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 332–334).

(2) In female imago, abdominal sternum VIII just behind the genital opening has convexity with evenly dispersed, small, pointed, projected setae (Kluge 2022: Figs 306–310, 432–435, 702–706).

Characters of Kimminsula/g2 of unclear phylogenetic status. 

(3) Incisor of the left mandibular has the distal denticle the longest and incisor of the right mandible has all three denticles subequal (Kluge et al.: Figs 230–231). In contrast to them, in Petersula/g2 both incisors have the most proximal denticle the longest (ibid.: Figs 108–110) and in Ghatula incisor of the right mandible has the distal denticle the longest (ibid: Fig. 23).

Plesiomorphies of Kimminsula/g2.

Labrum with median incision not narrowed, but wide and shallow, retaining 5 vestigial denticles (Kluge et al.: Figs 233, 487, 619) (in contrast to Petersula/g1); paired muscles-depressors are absent (in contrast to Petersula/g2).

Mandible has distinct middle tuft of setae on outer margin (Kluge et al.: Fig. 229, 563, 620) (in contrast to Petersula).

Prostheca of each mandible two-branched: distal branch (neighboring to kinetodontium) with few processes; proximal branch much longer, directed proximally, with numerous long processes (Kluge et al.: Figs 230–231, 562–563, 620–621) (in contrast to Petersula/g2).

Maxillary palp [see Kimminsula/g1 ()]: long setae on inner side of second segment form a longitudinal row (Kluge et al.: Fig. 236, 334, 493, 623) (in contrast to Petersula/g2).

Hind wing [see Kimminsula/g1 ()] with MP bifurcate (in contrast to Ghatula); its bifurcation either forms a triade with intercalary between two branches, or has no intercalary (Kluge et al. 2022: Fig. 278, 365, 410, 412, 454, 457, 671).