CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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(1) Tergalii II are lost. Thus, bilobed tergalii [see Ephemerella/fg1 (7)] are present either beginning from abdominal segment III (in Ephemerella/fg3) or from abdominal segment IV (in Timpanoga/fg1) (see Table).

(2) Tergalial ribs [non-marginal – see Furcatergaliae (5)] are lost (unlike Pantricorythi). Probably initial for Ephemerella/fg2 shape of dorsal lobe of tergalii III–VI [see Ephemerella/fg1 (7)] is truncate, with oblique or incised distal margin, with anal margin (directed medially) longer than costal margin (directed laterally); often dark colour pattern in a form of clover leaf is developed: "graft" arises from base of tergalius, and three "lives" are sided to costal margin (directed laterally), distal margin (directed posteriorly) and anal margin (directed medially) (Kluge 2004: Fig.91:A). These shape and colour pattern are occur in many (but not all) Ephemerella/fg2, being never found in other mayflies.

(3) Fore wing with free marginal intercalaries (Kluge 2004: Fig.90:A). Non-unique character (see Index of characters [2.2.55]).

Plesiomorphies of Ephemerella/fg2. Unlike Pantricorythi: Transverse row of setae on larval fore femur [see Ephemerella/fg1 (12)] is usually irregular or lost; setae on outer margin of femur can be irregular, or form a regular longitudinal row not continued with the transverse row. 1^st segment of gonostylus is not elongate, shorter than 1/2 of 2^nd segment, sometimes completely fused with 2^nd segment.

Unlike selected groups of Pantricorythi, imago and subimago is non-specialized: Eyes of male are always large, divided into two portions. Mesonotum with distinct mesonotal suture, curved lateroparapsidal suture and subimaginal lateral pigmented area bordered by relief line [see Ephemerella/fg1 (9) and (10)] (Kluge 2004: Fig.90:D). Cubital field of fore wing has up to 2 bifurcate veins arising from CuA (in largest species only); often the distal of these veins is vestigial (Kluge 2004: Fig.90:A: y). Hind wing is always well-developed, as long as 0.2–0.3 of fore wing length; at least RS with bifurcation; usually MP also has bifurcation; usually hind wing is oval, without prominent costal projection and with Sc terminating near apex (Kluge 2004: Fig.90:B); only in Teloganopsis and Hyrtanella/f2=Crinitella/g1 hind wing is modified. Imaginal wings without setae on hind margin.

Maxilla always with 2 dentisetae [see Bidentiseta (1)] and usually with 3 canines (only in Uracanthella and Cincticostella/g1 canines are modified or lost).