CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphy of Allenhyphes.

(1) Unlike all other mayflies, male imaginal paracercus is specialized and involved to genital apparatus: apex of its 2^nd segment bears a stout spine-like seta directed ventrally, perpendicular to paracercus (Molineri & Flowers 2001: Fig.2; Kluge 2004: Fig.105:F). Unique character.

(2) Mouth apparatus is somewhat specialized (Hofmann & al., 1999: Fig.147–152): maxilla is filtering, with enlarged tuft of apical setae [see Ephemerella/fg1 (16)] (but it retains blunt canines, well-developed two dentisetae and vestigial 3-segmented maxillary palp); labial submentum with enlarged lamellate margins overlapping maxillae. Non-unique apomorphies.

(3) Tergalii [see Leptohyphes/fg1 (1)] have no processes on ventral bifurcate lobe, thus each tergalius II-V is 3-lamellate; tergalius VI is 1-lamellate, without ventral lobe. The same in Tricorythodes.

Plesiomorphies of Allenhyphes. Unlike Tricorythodes: Scuto-lateropostnotal muscle of metathorax is not so large, posterior scutal protuberances are not convergent posteriorly, lateropostnotum is not fused with epimeron (the same in Leptohyphes/fg2). Lateroparapsidal suture somewhat retains curvation initial for Ephemerella/fg1 [see Leptohyphes/fg1 (4)], merging with transverse interscutal suture laterad of medioparapsidal suture. Hind wings [of peculiar structure – see Leptohyphes/fg1 (2) ] are present in male, but lost in female; however, metathoracic wing muscles S.ESm and MTm are retained not only in male, but in female as well. 1^st tarsal segment is short and fused with tibia.

Unlike Leptohyphes/fg2: Tergalius II (gill operculum) has well-developed costal flap of ventral lobe [see Leptohyphes/fg1 (1)]. Lateropostnotum retains straight lateropostnotal crest forming one line with infrascutellar-lateropostnotal arm.

Unlike Haplohyphes, gonostylus is 3-segmented, i.e. with developed distal segment [short – see Pantricorythi (2)].