CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Nousia/g1.

(1) Penis has peculiar structure: dorsal surface of each penis lobe crossed by a transverse semicircular ridge; close to this ridge locates a sclerotized process directed medially; besides paired distal penis lobes, which bear these paired ridges and processes, penis has a well-expressed unpaired proximal portion, which constitutes about 1/2–2/3 of penis length (Kluge: Fig.12-14; Demoulin 1955: Figs 6b', 7b', 8c'; Pescador & Peters 1985: Fig.7; Finlay 2000: Figs 8, 27).

Characters of Nousia/g1 of unclear phylogenetic status. 

(2) Distal part of gonoduct is covered by cuticle both in imago and larva (Kluge 2014: Figs 13,15) (the same in some other taxa – see Index of characters [1.3.60]).

(3) All imaginal and subimaginal claws are pointed. Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [2.2.85]).

(4) Hind wing without prominent costal projection and with subcostal vein long (Kluge 2014: Fig.20). 

(5) In subimago, pigmented area anteriad of mesonotal suture [see Leptophlebia/fg1 (3)] represents a narrow stripe along medioparapsidal suture (Kluge 2014: Fig.18). 

(6) On all legs of male and female subimago, first tarsal segment covered with microtrichiae (as tibia); tarsal segments II–V covered with pointed microlepides. 

Plesiomorphies of Nousia/g1.

Clypeus parallel-sided or slightly widened anteriorly (Kluge 2014: Fig.1, 24).

Labrum not widened, with median incision shallow or non-expressed; number of median denticles odd – 5 or 3; both dorsal transverse setal rows straight and located near anterior margin, distal row very dense and irregular, proximal row more or less regular (Kluge 2014: Fig.1). 

Mandibles with outer margin smoothly curved, with hair tuft near middle (Kluge 2014: Fig.25-26). 

Maxilla slightly broad apically, with 8–12 pectinate setae in ventro-apical row (Kluge 2014: Fig.27).

Labium with glossae partly inserted in cavities of paragossae, not projected neither ventrad, nor dorsad of paraglossae (Kluge 2014: Fig.28). 

In larva, subimago and imago patella-tibial suture developed on middle and hind legs, being absent on fore leg (Kluge 2014: Fig.5–7). 

Tergalii of all pairs I–VII alike, each tergalius has both lamellae pointed, without side processes; shape of tergalii varies from thread-like (Pescador & Peters 1985: Fig.54) to wide-lanceolate (Finlay 2000: Fig.23) or oval (Kluge 2014: Fig.10, 30).

Variable characters of Nousia/g1.

Distal denticle of larval claw is either strongly enlarged, or indistinctly enlarged (Pescador & Peters 1985: Figs 50 and 48), or non-enlarged (Kluge 2014: Fig.4).

On fore wing, vein ICu1 is often directly jointed with CuA (Kluge 2014: Fig.19; Needham & Murphy 1924: Fig. 97; Demoulin 1955: Figs 6a, 7a, 8a) and occasionally can have free base (Pescador & Peters 1985: Fig.1; Finlay 2000: Fig.2) or attached at base by a cross vein to vein CuA (Demoulin 1955: Fig.9).