CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Characters of Choroterpes/fg2 of unclear phylogenetic status. 

(1) Egg surface with a peculiar relief: there are papillae and ridges; ridges stretch from one papilla to another and form broken lines in such a manner that each papilla is surrounded by a regular crown of several (6–8) acute angles formed by these ridges; usually each such crown is elevated in a form of aster-like or flower-like protuberance (Kluge 2012: Fig.17, 20–23, 70–75, 94, 96-97). This relief is absent in pacis [Choroterpes] and assimilis [Choroterpes (Euthraulus)] [Gattoliat & Sartori 2008]. In mercatorius [Choroterpes] this relief is modified (Kluge 2012: Fig.56). The same in Megaglena.

(2) Each tergalius II–VII has both lamellae [see Leptophlebia/fg1 (10)] wide, 3-pointed, i.e. with two processes by sides of terminal process (Kluge 2012: Fig.67, 77–82, 140–141). Non-unque apomorphy (see Index of characters [1.3.23]). In selected species some lamellae have less than three apices (Kluge 2012: Fig.7–12, 31–36, 58–63, 104, 138). In Monochoroterpes tergalii II–VII are unilamellate [see below, Monochoroterpes (1)]. Tergalius I has different structure, often thread-like [see Choroterpes/fg1 (1)].

(3) Each penis lobe has an apical projection dorsad of gonopore; this projection stretches in distal direction and bears fine colorless denticles. Size of this apical projection varies from very small (e.g., in petersi [Choroterpes]) to very long (Kluge 2012: Fig.68–69, 117); its shape varies from rounded (Kluge 2012: Fig.38, 53, 89) to pointed (Kluge 2012: Fig.19, 68). The same in Sangpradubina.

(4) Number of intercalaries between CuA and CuP [which is initially 2 – see Leptophlebia/fg1 (7)] is increased to 3–6 (usually 5). The same in Sangpradubina.