CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z 

Autapomorphies of Ceylonula.

(1) Paracercus of subimago and imago is vestigial (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 270–271) (in contrast to most other Leptophlebia/fg1, including Petersula/g1, Kimminsula/g2 and Hubbardula, see Index of characters [2.3.22]).

(2) Male genitalia have peculiart structure: 

Apex of each paired penis lobe bears a pointed process directed medially-ventrally; this process has a shape of rolled plate (C-shape in cross section) faced by its groove medially-dorsally; the gonopore is located on medio-dorsal side of the penis lobe, proximad of the place where the pointed process is attached (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 300–301). Proximad of the penis base, each gonoduct forms an unusual large capsule of a regular oval shape, with thick, rigid, fibrillose walls (ibid.: Figs 297–298); the pair of capsules lie one after another along the abdomen (only one of them is shown on the Fig. 297); these capsules are present in imago, being absent in subimago.

Subimago has the same penis structure; cuticle of the penis, including the pointed projections, is colorless and non-sclerotized, does not retain its shape on shed exuviae.

Protopenis of larva has no precursors of the pointed processes and no precursors of the gonopores. On shed exuviae distal parts of the protopenes retain their shape, while soft proximal parts are inverted (ibid.: Figs 304–305).

Among Kimminsula/g1, medio-ventral pointed processes of other shapes are present in Kinninsula/g3 and Petersula/g2; Hubbardula has no medio-ventral processes in any stage of development.

Styliger (ibid.: Fig. 296) is elongate (in contrast to Kimminsula/g3 and Petersula/g2), separated from the rest of sternite by straight line (in contrast to Hubbardula). 1st and 2nd segments of gonostylus are fused together, with boundary indistinguishable; 3rd and 4th segments are elongate (in contrast to Kimminsula/g3 and Petersula/g2), both are will-separated (in contrast to Hubbardula).

On subimaginal gonostylus (which is shorter than imaginal), boundary between 1st and 2nd segments is better recognizable (ibid.: Figs 295, 299).

Characters of Ceylonula of unclear phylogenetic status. 

(3) In larva, tibia of each leg pair has one longitudinal row of hair-like setae on outer side, without additional setal row anteriad of it (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 251, 256, 260) (among Kimminsula/g1, the same in Ghatula, in contrast to Petersula/g2, Kimminsula/g3 and Hubbardula).

Plesiomorphies of Ceylonula.

Patella-tibial suture retains plesiomorphic condition: in larvae, subimagines and imagines of both sexes it is absent on forelegs and present on middle and hind legs, where it crosses inner side of tibia (Kluge et al.: Figs 257–258, 276, 287–288) (among Kimminsula/g1, the same in Ghatula gen. n., in contrast to Petersula/g2, Kimminsula and winged stages of Hubbardula, see Index of characters [1.2.18], ibid. [2.2.82]). In contrast to larvae of Ghatula gen. n. and Hubbardula gen. n., in larva of Ceylonula gen. n. patella-tibial suture differs on middle and hind legs leg: on middle leg its apex is bent in proximal direction (ibid.: Fig. 257), while on hind leg its apex is not bent (ibid.: Fig. 258).

Tergalii with a single terminal process on each of two lamellae [see Leptophlebia/fg1 (10)], without projections by sides of the terminal process (in contrast to Kimminsula/g3) and without additional processes (in contrast to Petersula/g2 and Hubbardula). Each lamella looks as «overturned», i.e. with main trachea approximated to the anal margin rather than to the costal margin (Kluge et al. 2022: Figs 261–268).