CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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(1) Tergalii I [initially stick-like – see Ephemerella/fg1 (13)] are lost. Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [1.3.33]).

(2) Tergalius VI has ventral lobe non-bifurcate, thus only tergalii II–V have bifurcate ventral lobes [see Ephemerella/fg1 (7)] (Kluge 2004: Fig.95:F–H). The same structure of tergalius VI occurs in Ephemerella/fg4 only. Possibly, synapomorphy with Melanemerella/f1=Teloganodes/g1 and/or Tricoryptera, where ventral lobe of tergalius VI is vestigial or lost (see Table and Index of characters [1.3.57]).

(3) Tergalii VII [small, with non-bifurcate ventral lobes – see Ephemerella/fg1 (7)] are strongly shifted anteriorly, being located at midlength of tergite (Kluge 2004: Fig.95:H) (unlike Vietnamella and Ephemerella/fg2, whose tergalii VII retain position close to posterior margin of tergite). In Tricoryptera and Melanemerella/f1=Teloganodes/g1 these tergalii are lost, thus their initial position is unknown.

(4) Fore wing with free marginal intercalaries (as in many other Ephemerella/fg1 – see Index of characters [2.2.55]).

Plesiomorphies of Austremerella. Larval head, mandibles and fore legs without modifications peculiar for Vietnamella. Larval abdominal terga with paired submedian projections [see Ephemerella/fg1 (19)] (Riek 1963: Fig.1). Unlike Melanemerella/f1=Teloganodes/g1 and some others, tergalii II are not operculate. Cubital field of fore wing has up to 2 bifurcate veins arising from CuA [see Ephemerella/fg1 (15)]; hind wing is well-developed, as long as 0.2 of fore wing length, with Sc reaching wing apex, RS branching, and veins behind MP₁ developed (Riek 1963: Fig.10) (unlike Teloganodes/f1=g3, Teloganella and Tricoryptera).