principles of systematics and nomenclature general system and phylogeny of insects systematics of Ephemeroptera

PHYLOGENY OF EPHEMEROPTERA (BY N.J.KLUGE)
Cont. Ref. Classif. Gen.

a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z   

made 5.IX.2002; last corrections 15.X2008

N.J. Kluge 2004

THE PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEM OF EPHEMEROPTERA

Kluwer Academic Publishers : 456 pp.

(the first experience in consistently non-ranking taxonomy)

Volume 1.

Ephemeroptera except for Turbanoculata and Leptophlebia/fg1

 

  


  

The Phylogenetic System of Ephemeroptera contains new data which are interesting:
  1. for entomologists and hydrobiologists interested in systematics and phylogeny of mayflies;
  2. for entomologists and zoologists interested in phylogeny and general morphology of insects;
  3. for biologists interested in elaboration of effective methods of phylogeny reconstruction and rational presentation of taxonomical information.
  1. Mayfly researchers will find in this book the most comprehensive account of characters of all hierarchically subordinated mayfly taxa higher than species (except for subordinated taxa of Baetidae s.str. and Leptophlebiidae). All taxa characteristics are supplied with cross-references and references to a general "Index of Characters", which allows the reader to clarify the pattern of each character independently, whether or not it agrees with the author's phylogenetic hypothesis. The book contains complete lists of formal species names of mayflies of the world (except for Baetidae s.str. and Leptophlebiidae), with recent conclusion about status and systematic position of each,
  2. People interested in general entomology will find in the General Part of this book a new interpretation of insect abdominal structure and other data on general insect morphology, as well as a revised account of peculiarities of Ephemeroptera. These data were partly previously published only in Russian, and partly are published here for the first time,
  3. The book has general biological significance due to usage of the new non-ranking nomenclature and the rational layout of taxonomic text, which can be qualified as post-Linnaean systematics. While after the works by Lameere and Hennig, non-ranking classifications became widely used, this book represents the first experience of consistently non-ranking classification, including taxa of low taxonomic level (i.e. taxa traditionally regarded as genera, families et al.). In contrast to other recent attempts to elaborate a non-ranking nomenclature not contradictory to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, this one appears to be successful and can be applied to any zoological taxa (although its application in botany could be possible only after further elaboration). Biology is currently going through a crisis, which causes some investigators to use such non-scientific methods of reconstructing phylogeny as parsimony analysis. The author believes that the new method of phylogeny description and reconstruction used in this book will help indicate a way out of this crisis.

 

Annotion Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) being spread all ower the world, include about 2000 recent species and constitute a taxon opposed to all other winged insects (Metapterygota). The book represents a comprehensive revision of all supraspecies mayfly taxa of the world fauna, except for the taxa belonging to Turbanoculata (= Baetidae s.str.) and Leptophlebia/fg1 (= Leptophlebiidae = Leptophlebioidea). A new phylogenetic system of mayflies is suggested and argued. Totally more than 260 hierarchically subordinate taxa are characterized; each character is given in compareson with that of all other mayflies and is supplied with phylogenetic interpretation. In order to give taxa characteristics in a most convenient form, specially for this book a new text layout was elaborated, as well as a new non-rank-based hierarchical nomenclature based on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. This approach allows to use all advances of the traditional rank-based zoological nomenclature, and at the same time to avoid ranks (genera, families, et al.); this makes possible to build a phylogenetic classification rather than artificial one. Usage of this method helps to accumulate and treat information necessary for phylogenetic analysis, instead of non-grounded numerical methods so popular last years. Besides ephemeropterologists and other people interested in detailed knowledge of mayfly systematics, this book can be useful to all boiologists who are interested in methods of phylogenetic investigation.

 

 

HISTORY

The old version in Russian (year 2000) titled "Revision of supra-species taxa of Ephemeroptera (except for Atalophlebia/fg1)" is available here.

The oldest version in English titled "Draft revision of supraspecies taxa of Ephemeroptera (except for Atalophlebia/fg1)" is available from website "Ephemeroptera Galactica" since 1988. 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Systematic account of taxa   iv

FOREWORD

New terms, taxa names and synonyms

Collection deposition

Acknowledgements

Warnings

xi
xi
xii
xii
xiii

INTRODUCTION

A brief history of mayfly classification

Methods of associating larvae and adults

Principles of non-ranking zoological nomenclature

Why do different types of nomenclature coexist?

Rank-based nomenclatures

Hierarchy-based nomenclatures

Circumscription-based  nomenclatures

Criteria of availability for circumscription-based names

Circumscription match

Validity of circumscription-based names

Combining circumscription-based and hierarchy-based nomenclature

Use of different nomenclatures

Format of species name in non-rank-based nomenclature

New names

Sliding binomina and polynomina

The layout of a taxonomic paper

Fonts

Citation of authors and dates

Phylogenetic status of taxon 

1

1

3

6

6

8

8

10

10

11

11

12

12

12

13

13

14

15

15

15

GENERAL PART

Chapter I. Systematic position of Ephemeroptera 

Chapter II. Morphology of mayflies

 

17

17

SPECIAL PART

Chapter III. Ephemeroptera in wider and narrower senses

Chapter IV. Euplectoptera Posteritorna

Chapter V. Euplectoptera Anteritorna: general diagnosis and Tridentiseta

Chapter VI. Anteritorna Bidentiseta: general diagnosis and Branchitergaliae

Chapter VII. Bidentiseta Furcatergaliae

Appendix. Mayflies of uncertain systematic position

55

55

61

71

123

211

353

INDEX OF CHARACTERS

REFERENCES

ALPHABETIC INDEXES

Index of species names

Index of supraspecies taxa names

Index of terms

List of figures and tables

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 

363

389

409

409

431

437

441

442
      

     

 to general index