CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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(1) On fore wing proximal end of iMP is adjacent or connected with CuA, while MP₂ originates more distally; thus iMP, MP₂ and CuA form a secondary triad (Molineri 1999: Fig.19–37; 2001c: Fig.51–107). In other Pantricorythi MP₂ is usually also detached from MP-MP₁, but is not shorter than iMP.

(2) On middle and hind legs of imago and subimago tarsus is 4-segmented: it has only 2 articulations between tibio-tarsal articulation [see (7)] and the articulation of claw-bearing segment (initial segment 5) (Molineri 2001c: Fig.20). The same in Tricorygnatha and some others (see Index of characters [2.2.83]).

(3) Gonostyli are non-functional and have peculiar structure: distal segment is lost (non-unique character – see Index of characters [2.3.12]); the last (2^nd) segment is directed laterally [see Pantricorythi (2)]; styliger forms a pair of more or less prominent narrow gonostyli pedestals lacking muscles (Molineri 1999b: Fig.18–35; 2001c: Fig.1–102).

(4) Egg [initially having a polar cap – see Ephemerella/fg1 (14)] has 2 polar caps (Molineri 200c: Fig.122–131). Non-unique character (see Index of characters [3.5]).

(5) Lateropostnotum is large, stretches up to sternum and fused with epimeron.

(6) Hind wings [see Leptohyphes/fg1 (2)] are lost in both sexes (see Index of characters [2.2.59]).

(7) On middle and hind legs of imago and subimago [see (2)] 1^st tarsal segment [initially fused with tibia and shortened – see Furcatergaliae (2)] on outer side is secondarily distinctly separated from tibia; joining of tibia and tarsus is strongly inclined resembling larval condition, thus outer side of 1^st tarsal segment is strongly elongate (Molineri 2001c: Fig.20). The same is Tricorythodes (possibly synapomorphy) and Caenoptera.

(8) Tergalial ventral lobes [see Leptohyphes/fg1 (1)] have peculiar structure uniform in all species: on tergalius II (operculate) each of two branches has one process (the same in Leptohyphodes only), costal flap is probably lost; on each tergalius III–IV costal branch (widely projected, as in other Leptohyphes/fg1) has one process arising from base, anal branch is narrow and lacks processes; on tergalius V costal branch is also wide, but lacks process, anal branch is lost; tergalius VI has no ventral lobe (Molineri 2001c: Fig.6–121).