CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA
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CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA |
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Thraulodes
(Panephemeroptera
Euephemeroptera
Euplectoptera
Anteritorna
Bidentiseta
Furcatergaliae
Leptophlebia/fg1
Atalophleboadentata
Atalophlebopectinata
Atalophleboculata
Atalophlebomaxillata
Atalophlebolinguata
... Hagenulus/fg1
Hermanellandria
- Thraulodes)
Nomen hierarchicum:
Thraulodes/g2
[g:1920] (sine Hermanella)
In circumscription fits:
— gen. Thraulodes Ulmer 1920: 33
References.
Traver & Edmunds 1967; Kluge 2020: 
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Autapomorphies of Thraulodes. (1) Bases of gonostyli are brought together in a common unpaired gonostylar cavity of styliger; dorsal margin of styliger is projected caudally, and the gonostylar cavity is exposed ventrally-caudally (Kluge 2020: Figs 102, 110, 112). (2) Telopenis [see Hermanellandria (1)] is tubular with a longitudinal cleft up to its base, i.e. represents a roll (in contrast to integral tube of Hermanellognatha and Simothraulopsis and non-tubular process of Farrodes) (Kluge 2020: Figs 38, 60, 103–105). (3) On hind tibia, stout setae of outer margin [see Leptophlebia/fg1 (8)] form two separated rows, outer-anterior and outer-posterior ones; long hairs (also initial for Leptophlebia/fg1) are situated between these two rows of stout setae and form one more row posteriad of them; row of recurved hairs is located on anterior side of tibia, more distally from inner margin than the inner-anterior row of stout setae, which is present on middle and hind legs (Kluge 2020: Figs 85, 89). Characters of Thraulodes of unclear phylogenetic status. (4) Outer side of each mandible with distal setal bunch, but without middle setal bunch: long hairs forming row of field on outer margin of mandible, are denser and longer nearer the base of incisor (Kluge 2020: Figs 17–18) (the same in some other taxa). (5) Long setae of dorsal side of glossa form irregular row or stripe of a characteristic horseshoe shape (Kluge 2020: Fig. 20) (the same in Atopophlebia). (6) Larva (whose body is flattened and widened, being adopted for inhabitancy under stones on current, as in many other Atalophlebolinguata) has unusual mode of swimming: it keeps legs laterally semi-bent in knees (as if sitting on substrate) and makes lateral swimming movements by abdomen (unlike most other Ephemeroptera, which make dorso-ventral swimming movements). The same in Kimminsula/g1 (see Index of characters [1b]). Plesiomorphies of Thraulodes. (7) Hind wing always retains furcations of RS and MP [furcation of MA is lost – see Furcatergaliae (4)] (Kluge 2020: Fig. 41). |
Size. Fore wing length 5–15 mm.
Distribution. Neotropical Region and south of Nearctic Region.
Nominal species in Thraulodes/g(1):
alapictus Lima & Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 [Thraulodes]
alboniger Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
-
-/
amanda Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano & Flowers &
Froehlich) 2011 [Thraulodes]
arizonicus
McDunnough 1942 [Thraulodes]
basimaculatus Giordano & Dominguez 2005 [Thraulodes]
bolivianus Dominguez 1986 [Thraulodes]
bomplandi Esben-Petersen 1912 [Thraulus]
bonito Goncalves & Da-Silva & Nessimian 2013 [Thraulodes]
borum [Thraulodes] nomen
nudum
brunneus
Koss 1966 [Thraulodes]
calori Campos & Mariano 2019 [Thraulodes]
catoles Campos & Mariano 2019 [Thraulodes]
centralis
Traver 1946 [Thraulodes]
cochunaensis Dominguez 1987 [Thraulodes]
consortis Dominguez 1987 [Thraulodes]
,
cryptodrilus Neito & Dominguez 2001 [Thraulodes]
daidaleus Thew 1960 [Thraulodes]
eduardorum Medina & Perez 2010 [Thraulodes]
eccentricus
Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996 [Thraulodes]
nomen dubium
ephippiatus Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
fascipennis Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
-
-
/
flavus Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
--
;
/
flinti Dominguez 1987 [Thraulodes]
furficulus Traver 1946 [Thraulodes]
gonzalesi Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
grandis Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996 [Thraulodes]
nomen dubium
guanare Chacon & Segnini & Dominguez 1999 [Thraulodes]
hilaris Eaton 1892 [Thraulus]
hilaroides Traver 1946 [Thraulodes]
humeralis Navas 1935 [Thraulodes]
insular Domínguez &
Molineri & Zúñiga (in Zúñiga &
Molineri & Domínguez & Cardona) 2015 [Thraulodes]
irretitus Navas 1924 [Thraulodes]
itatiajanus Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
jones Gonçalves & Da-Silva & Nessimian
2010 [Thraulodes]
latinus Cortes & Dias & Araújo 2021 [Thraulodes]
laetus Eaton 1884 [Thraulus]
— typus nominis Thraulodes
lepidus Eaton 1884 [Thraulus] /
limbatus Navas 1936 [Thraulodes]
liminaris Dominguez 1987 [Thraulodes]
ludmilae Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
--
luisae Souto & Da-Silva &
Nessimian 2014 [Thraulodes]
luizgonzagai Lima & Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 [Thraulodes]
lunatus Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
marianoi Silva & Salles & Pinto 2020 [Thraulodes]
— syn.subj. basimaculatus [Thraulodes]
marreroi Chacon & Segnini & Dominguez 1999 [Thraulodes]
--/
mexicanus Eaton 1884 [Thaulus]
mucuy Chacon & Segnini & Dominguez 1999 [Thraulodes]
nervosa Eaton 1892 [Choroterpes]
?
niger Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes] --/
nigrabdominalis Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
-,
nigripes Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
/,
--
/
nigrotibialis Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
--/
osiris Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
pacaya
McCafferty & Baumbgardner & Guenther 2004 [Thraulodes]
nomen dubium
packeri Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
panamensis Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
--/
papilionis Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
paysandensis Traver 1964 [Thraulodes]
pedregoso
Traver 1946 [Thraulodes]
pelicanus Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano & Flowers &
Froehlich) 2011 [Thraulodes]
pinga Souto & Da-Silva &
Nessimian 2014 [Thraulodes]
pinhoi Lima & Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 [Thraulodes]
plicatus Needham & Murphy 1924 [Thraulodes]
— syn.subj. telegraphicus [Thraulodes]
prolongatus Traver 1946 [Thraulodes]
quevedoensis Flowers 2009 [Thraulodes]
--/
regulus Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
rodrigoi Boldrini & Dantas & Lima 2018 [Thraulodes]
salinus Kilgore & Allen 1973 [Thraulodes]
nomen dubium
schlingeri Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
--/
sinuosus Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano & Flowers &
Froehlich) 2011 [Thraulodes] --/
solstitium Orlando & Salles & Boldrini & Krolow 2021 [Thraulodes]
spangleri Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes] /
,
-
speciosus
Traver 1934 [Thraulodes]
sternimaculatus Lima & Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 [Thraulodes]
telegraphicus Needham & Murphy 1924 [Thraulodes] --/
tenulineus
Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1996 [Thraulodes] nomen
dubium
traverae Thew 1960 [Thraulodes]
trijuncta Banks 1918 [Thraulus]
ulmeri Edmunds 1950 [Thraulodes]
valens Eaton 1892 [Thraulus]
venezuelana Ulmer 1943 [Thraulodes]
viola Orlando & Salles 2023 [Thraulodes]
viviparus Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
-/,
xavantinensis Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano & Flowers &
Froehlich) 2011 [Thraulodes]
yaciara Nascimento &
Castelaci & Hamada 2021 [Thraulodes]
yara Nascimento &
Castelaci & Hamada 2021 [Thraulodes]
ykamiaba Nascimento &
Castelaci & Hamada 2021 [Thraulodes]
zonalis Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes] --/,
/
-------
species names lacking diagnosis
Examined:
spp. (Panama) --/
spp. (Peru) --/
KEY TO IMAGINES
1(8) All tibiae either entirely dark (Kluge 2020: Figs 467–469, 491–492, 526–527), or dark in proximal half (Kluge 2020: Fig. 437).
2(7) All femora uniformly dark brown (Kluge 2020: Figs 436–437, 467–469, 491–492).
3(4) Fore wing with costal and subcostal fields contrastingly yellowish (Kluge 2020: Figs 427, 435). . . . niger Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
4(3) Fore wing with costal and subcostal fields not colored (Figs 465, 493).
5(6) Fore wing with dark macula on costal brace (Kluge 2020: Fig. 493). ♂: Abdominal terga II–VI light ocher, terga VII–X reddish (Kluge 2020: Fig. 495). . . . nigripes Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
6(5) Fore wing without dark macula on costal brace (Kluge 2020: Fig. 465). ♂: Abdominal terga unicolor (Kluge 2020: Fig. 466). . . . nigrabdominalis
7(2) All femora twice banded, i.e. with small light area at middle of femur between bands (Kluge 2020: Figs 526–527). . . . nigrotibialis Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
8(1) At least middle and hind tibiae either entirely light (Kluge 2020: Fig. 29–30), or light with dark apex (Kluge 2020: Figs 306–307, 659–660).
9(14) Fore tibia entirely dark brown (Fig. 597).
10(11) At least in male, proximal half of fore wing brown, distal half colorless (female unknown). . . . basimaculatus Giordano & Dominguez 2005 [Thraulodes] (= marianoi [Thraulodes])
11(10) No such difference between proximal and distal halves of fore wing.
12(13) All femora uniformly dark brown (Kluge 2020: Figs 597–598). . . . lepidus Eaton 1884 [Thraulus]
13(12) Middle and hind femora yellowish with black bands in distal half. . . . venezuelana Ulmer 1943 [Thraulus]
14(9) Fore tibia at least partly light (Kluge 2020: Figs 28, 305, 339, 365, 574) (as well as middle and hind ones).
15(16) Fore tibia with brown band at middle, apex whitish; hind femur whitish with two narrow black bands close to apex (Kluge 2020: Figs 574–575). . . . alboniger Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
16(15) Fore tibia with dark band adjacent to apex (Kluge 2020: Figs 28, 305, 339, 365). Hind femur not as above.
17(18) Femora of middle and hind legs yellowish, without dark maculae; only femur of fore leg with dark maculae apically. . . . papilionis Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
18(17) Femora of middle and hind legs with dark maculae at least in distal half (Kluge 2020: Figs 29–30, 97, 306–307, 367).
19(22) Fore femur evenly blackish brown nearly all over its length (paler at extreme base and/or apex).
20(21) ♂: Penis without ears, medio-ventral ridge forms lapel projected laterad of lateral margin (Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 67). . . . hilaris Eaton 1892 [Thraulus]
21(20) ♂: Penis with ears, no lapel projected laterad of lateral margin (Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 51). . . . arizonicus McDunnough 1942 [Thraulodes]
22(19) Fore femur with darker maculae at least in distal half (Kluge 2020: Figs 28, 305, 339, 365, 398).
23(66) Middle and/or hind femora, besides dark band and/or maculae in distal half, with dark band or spot in proximal half (Kluge 2020: Figs 307, 341, 365–367, 398–401, 660)
24(57) Proximal half of middle and hind femora with band or wide spot (Kluge 2020: Figs 307, 341, 365–367, 398–401, 660).
25(26) Subcostal field of fore wing yellow, apically brown (Kluge 2020: Figs 365–367). . . . flavus Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
26(25) Subcostal field of fore wing, if colored, with apex not darker than remainder part.
27(28) Fore wing with dark macula on furcation of MA larger than other maculae. . . . alapictus Lima, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 [Thraulodes]
28(27) If dark maculae on fore wing present, macula on furcation of MA not larger than others (Kluge 2020: Fig. 398–401).
29(30) Contrasting dark brown spot on whitish background on median furcasternal concavity of mesothorax (Kluge 2020: Fig. 400). . . . spangleri Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
30(29) No such unpaired spot on median furcasternal concavity.
31(32, 33, 34) ♂: Penis with pair of apico-lateral projections directed proximally (Kimmins 1934: Fig. 8). . . . valens Eaton 1892 [Thraulus]
32(31, 33, 34) ♂: Penis with pair of lateral projections directed proximally (Campos & Mariano 2019: Figs 10–12). . . . catoles Campos & Mariano 2019 [Thraulodes]
33(31, 32, 34) ♂: Penis with pair of lateral projections directed distally (Traver 1946: Fig. 30; Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 65). . . . furficulus Traver 1946 [Thraulodes]
34(31, 32, 33) ♂: Penis without additional lateral projections.
35(40) ♂: Penis in distal half parallel-sided, not widened apically (Kluge 2020: Fig. 310 or similar to Fig. 440).
36(37) ♂: Penis without ears (Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 37). . . . ephippiatus Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
37(36) ♂: Penis with ears directed caudally (Kluge 2020: Fig. 310; Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 41).
38(39) ♂: Abdominal terga II–IX equally dark (Kluge 2020: Fig. 343). . . . zonalis Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
39(38) ♂: Abdominal terga II–V contrastingly lighter than terga VII–X (Kluge 2020: Figs 298–301). . . . fascipennis Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
40(35) ♂: Penis widened apically.
41(42) ♂: Penis hidden under very wide dorsal projection of styliger (Neito & Dominguez 2001: Figs 6–8). . . . cryptodrilus Neito & Dominguez 2001 [Thraulodes]
42(41) ♂: Penis not hidden, dorsal projection of styliger smaller.
43(50) ♂: Penis without lateral pouches.
44(45) ♂: Dorsal margin of styliger rounded, without median projection (Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 63). . . . laetus Eaton 1884 [Thraulus]
45(44) ♂: Dorsal margin of styliger either pointed, or with median projection (Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 44; Dominguez 1987: Figs 6, 8).
46(47) ♂: Abdominal terga IV–VI with composite dark markings (Dominguez 1987: Figs 19–20). . . . liminaris Dominguez 1987 [Thraulodes]
47(46) ♂: Abdominal terga IV–VI with sublateral dark spots (Dominguez 1987: Figs 15–16).
48(49) Distributed in South America; genitalia as figured by Dominguez (1987: Fig. 6). . . . consortis Dominguez 1987
49(48) Distributed in North America; genitalia as figured by Traver & Edmunds (1967: Fig. 44). . . . speciosus Traver 1934 [Thraulodes]
50(43) ♂: Penis with lateral pouches.
51(52, 53, 54, 55, 56) ♂: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Traver & Edmunds (1967: Figs 8–9, 31). . . . packeri Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
52(51, 53, 54, 55, 56) ♂: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 26). . . . . daidaleus Thew 1960 [Thraulodes]
53(51, 52, 54, 55, 56) ♂: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Traver & Edmunds (1967: Figs 4–5, 46). . . . paysandensis Traver 1964 [Thraulodes]
54(51, 52, 53, 55, 56) ♂: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Traver & Edmunds (1967: Figs 2–3, 66). . . . . traverae Thew 1960 [Thraulodes]
55(51, 52, 53, 54, 56) ♂: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Lima et al. (2013: Figs 10–11, 18–20). . . . luizgonzagai Lima, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 [Thraulodes]
56(51, 52, 53, 54, 55) ♂: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Lima et al. (2013: Figs 16–17, 31–32). . . . pinhoi Lima, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 [Thraulodes]
57(24) Proximal half of middle and hind femora with small spot (besides band in distal half).
58(61) ♂: Abdominal terga II–IX equally dark.
59(60) ♂: Penis with lateral pouches wider than apex (Mariano et al. 2011: Figs 9–10). . . . amanda Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich) 2011 [Thraulodes]
60(59) ♂: Penis with lateral pouches narrower than apex (Mariano et al. 2011: Figs 4–3). . . . xavantinensis Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich) 2011 [Thraulodes]
61(58) ♂: Abdominal terga II–V contrastingly lighter than terga VII–X.
62(63) ♂: Dorsal margin of styliger rounded, without median projection (Lima et al. 2013: Fig. 12). . . . sternimaculatus Lima, Mariano & Pinheiro 2013 [Thraulodes]
63(62) ♂: Dorsal margin of styliger with median projection.
64(65) ♂: Abdominal terga II–VI with a pair of dark submedian spots (besides pair of midway spots) (Souto et al. 2014: Figs 1–4). . . . luisae Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2014 [Thraulodes] and pinga Souto, Da-Silva & Nessimian 2014 [Thraulodes]
65(64) ♂: Abdominal terga without submedian spots. . . . insular Domínguez, Molineri & Zúñiga (in Zúñiga, Molineri, Domínguez & Cardona) 2015 [Thraulodes] and eduardorum Medina & Perez 2010 [Thraulodes]
66(23) Middle and hind femora light, with dark macula(e) only in distal part (Kluge 2020: Figs 30, 97).
67(68) Hind femur without distinct bands, darker toward apex. ♂: penis unusually sharply widened, with lateral denticles (Traver 1946: Fig. 27; Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 49). . . . prolongatus Traver 1946 [Thraulodes]
68(67) Hind femur with brown or reddish apical band usually bordered by darker brown on proximal edge (Kluge 2020: Figs 30, 97). ♂: Penis not as above.
69(70) ♂: All abdominal terga I–X dark brown. Dorsal margin of styliger rounded, without median projection; spear-like rolls very long and thick, directed caudally (Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 42). . . . regulus Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
70(69) ♂: At least abdominal terga II–V light.
71(72) ♂: Abdominal terga II–VI with grayish brown dome-shaped patches (Traver & Edmunds 1967: Figs 10–11). . . . gonzalesi Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
72(71) ♂: Abdominal coloration not as above.
73(80) ♂: Abdominal terga II–V mostly light, VI–VII mostly colored (Kluge 2020: Figs 198, 232, 264).
74(75) ♂: Penis long and parallel-sided (Dominguez 1987: Fig. 10). . . . cochunaensis Dominguez 1987 [Thraulodes]
75(74) ♂: Penis widened apically (Kluge 2020: Figs 204, 242, 268–269).
76(77) ♂: Spear-like rolls directed dorsally (Kluge 2020: Fig. 267). . . . quevedoensis Flowers 2009 [Thraulodes]
77(76) ♂: Spear-like rolls directed ventrally (Kluge 2020: Figs 203, 240).
78(79) ♂: Apices of penis lobes as wide as gonostylar cavity of styliger (Kluge 2020: Fig. 242). Distribution: from Panama to Venezuela. . . . marreroi Chacon & Segnini & Dominguez 1999 [Thraulodes]
79(78) ♂: Apices of penis lobes wider than gonostylar cavity of styliger (Kluge 2020: Fig. 204). Distribution: Peru and Brazil. . . . schlingeri Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
80(73) ♂: Abdominal terga II–VI mostly light, VII mostly colored (Kluge 2020: Figs 25, 52, 99, 136, 166).
81(84) ♂: Spear-like rolls directed ventrally-proximally, with groove widely opened (Kluge 2020: Figs 38, 60).
82(83) ♂: Spear-like rolls S-shaped; dorsal extension of styliger wide and not separated from styliger (Kluge 2020: Fig. 60). . . . sinuosus Mariano & Flowers (in Mariano & Flowers & Froehlich 2011) [Thraulodes]
83(82) ♂: Spear-like rolls very short, lanceolate; dorsal extension of styliger finger-like and separated from styliger (Kluge 2020: Figs 38, 40). . . . ludmilae Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
84(81) ♂: Spear-like rolls directed medially (medially, medially-ventrally, or medially-dorsally) (Kluge 2020: Figs 112–120, 145, 169).
85(86) ♂: Penis lobes narrowed apically (Gonçalves et al. 2010: Fig. 5). . . . jones Gonçalves & Da-Silva & Nessimian 2010 [Thraulodes]
86(85) ♂: Penis lobes not narrowed apically (Kluge 2020: Figs 112–120, 145, 169).
87(90) ♂: Abdominal sterna II–VII with 2 or 3 pairs of dark dots.
88(89) ♂: Penis lobes long, equally narrow all over length (Traver & Edmunds 1967: Fig. 43). . . . itatiajanus Traver & Edmunds 1967 [Thraulodes]
89(88) ♂: Penis lobes short and greatly expanded laterally at apex (Dominguez 1987: Fig. 7). . . . flinti Dominguez 1987 [Thraulodes]
90(87) ♂: Abdominal sterna II–VII with no more than one pair of dots.
91(94) ♂: Penis without lateral pouches (Kluge 2020: Figs 112–120).
92(93) ♂: Penis lobes short and sharply widened apically (Boldrini et al. 2018: Figs 6–7). Abdominal terga II–VI with reddish brown band adjacent to posterior margin (ibid: figs 2–3). . . . rodrigoi Boldrini & Dantas & Lima 2018 [Thraulodes]
93(92) ♂: Penis lobes longer and slightly widened apically (Kluge 2020: Figs 112–120). Abdominal terga II–VI without contrasting dark band (Kluge 2020: Figs 97, 99). . . . telegraphicus Needham & Murphy 1924 [Thraulodes]
94(91) ♂: Penis with lateral pouches (Kluge 2020: Figs 144, 171).
95(101) ♂: Lateral pouches large, so that at midlength penis as wide or wider than at apex.
96(97) ♂: Dorsal margin of styliger rounded, without median projection (Chacon et al. 1999: Fig. 5). . . . mucuy Chacon & Segnini & Dominguez 1999 [Thraulodes]
97(96) ♂: Dorsal margin of styliger with median projection.
98(99, 100) ♂: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Traver & Edmunds (1967: Fig. 33). . . . ulmeri Edmunds 1950 [Thraulodes]
99(98, 100) ♂: Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Mariano et al. (2011: Figs 14–15). . . . pelicanus Mariano & Froehlich (in Mariano & Flowers & Froehlich) 2011 [Thraulodes]
100(98, 99) ♂:Abdominal coloration and genitalia as described by Gonçalves et al. (2013: Figs 4–6). . . . bonito Gonçalves & Da-Silva & Nessimian 2013 [Thraulodes]
101(95) ♂: Lateral pouches small, so that at midlength penis much narrower than at apex (Kluge 2020: Figs 144, 171).
102(103) ♂: Abdominal terga VIII–X dark reddish brown, tergum VII lighter. . . . centralis Traver 1946 [Thraulodes]
103(102) ♂: Abdominal tergum VII not lighter than tergum VIII (Kluge 2020: Figs 136, 166).
104(105, 106) Fore femur, besides dark band in distal half without dark marking in proximal half. . . . calori Campos & Mariano 2019 [Thraulodes]
105(104, 110) Fore femur, besides dark band in distal half, with dark band in proximal half. . . . trijuncta Banks 1918 [Thraulus] and bolivianus Dominguez 1986 [Thraulodes]
106(104, 115) Fore femur, besides dark band in distal half, with small dark spot in proximal half (Kluge 2020: Figs 134, 160).
107(108) ♂: Pronotum grayish-brown with white spots. . . . guanare Chacon, Segnini & Dominguez 1999 [Thraulodes]
108(107) ♂: Pronotum white (Kluge 2020: Figs 134, 136, 157).
109(110) Macula on costal brace not continuous posteriorly (Kluge 2020: Figs 134–136). Scutellum white (Kluge 2020: Fig. 136). . . . panamensis Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
110(109) Macula on costal brace continuous posteriorly (Kluge 2020: Figs 157–159). Scutellum brown (Kluge 2020: Fig. 159). . . . viviparus Kluge 2020 [Thraulodes]
