CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Notophlebia.

(1) Labrum has both transverse setal rows [see Atalophlebopectinata (2)] transformed to fields of irregularly arranged setae (Peters & Edmunds 1970: 261; Sivaramakrishnan & Peters 1984: Fig.14; Kluge 2014: Fig.5).

(2) Median projections of superlinguae project distad of hypopharynx (Sivaramakrishnan & Peters 1984: Fig.16; Kluge 2014: Fig.4).

(3) Larval tibiae, besides setae present in most leptophlebiids [stout pointed bipectinate setae on inner side of fore tibia, stout setae on inner side of middle and hind tibiae, stout setae on outer side of hind tibia and long hair-like setae on outer side of all tibiae – see Leptophlebia/fg1 (8)] bear an oblique longitudinal row of stout setae on anterior (dorsal) side. In ganeshi [Notophlebia] this row is equally developed on all legs: on fore leg (Kluge 2014: Fig.2:a, Fig.14), on middle and hind legs (Kluge 2014: Fig.3); on all three pairs of legs setae of this row are unequal, elongate, stout and blunt (as in Kluge 2014: Fig.54:a). In jobi [Notophlebia] row of such setae is present on middle and hind legs (Kluge 2014: Fig.54:a), but on fore leg it is substituted by a field of irregularly situated very long pointed filtering setae (Kluge 2014: Fig.53:a).

(4) Tergalii [see Isca/fg1 (3)] are modified as following. Each tergalius I–VI has each of two lamellae [initially pointed – see Leptophlebia/fg1 (10)] blunt; tergalius II is a little longer than tergalius I; tergalii III–VI are gradually shorter from anterior to posterior ones, having similar width; tergalius VI is much smaller; tergalius VII is lost (Kluge 2014: Fig.31–34, Fig.40–45). All tergalii participate in rhythmic respiratory movements, and movements of most anterior tergalii are most intensive (in contrast to Choroterpes/fg1, Indialis, Nathanella and Petersula, whose tergalii of first pair are immobile).

(5) Fore wings have characteristic structure [hind wings are lost [see Isca/fg1 (6)]. Fore wing of all 3 species has the same coloration: proximal half of subcostal field is darkened, while remainder membrane is lighter; cross veins in proximal part of wing are bordered by brown, while remainder cross veins are light (Peters & Edmunds 1970: Fig.346; Sivaramakrishnan & Peters 1984: Fig.3; Kluge 2014: Fig.1). Besides this, fore wings have following characters: long and narrow, with convex proximal-anal margin (unlike Nathanella); MP without symmetric fork (unlike some species of Isca/fg2); imago has marginal setae as in subimago (unlike some species of Isca/fg2).

(6) Penis [deeply separated – see Isca/fg1 (9)] has following characteristics common for all 3 species: Apically each penis lobe bears a slender pointed serrate projection – curved in jobi [Notophlebia] (Sivaramakrishnan & Peters 1984: Fig.3), straight in N. ganeshi [Notophlebia] and hyalina [Notophlebia] (Peters & Edmunds 1970: Fig.349; Kluge 2014: Fig.23, 24, 26–30). Distal part of gonoduct is covered by cuticle both in imago and larva (Kluge 2014: Fig.37,45) (the same in some other taxa).

Plesiomorphies of Notophlebia.  Larval abdominal terga I–VI have no posterolateral projections; terga VII and VIII have short blunt projections; tergum IX has long blunt projections (Kluge 2014: Fig.3) (plesiomorphy; unlike Isca/fg2, whose abdominal terga I–VIII have no projections, and only tergum IX has long blunt projections).

Variable characters of Notophlebia. Mouthpart structure strongly varies among species: ganeshi [Notophlebia] has non-modified mouth apparatus [except labral setae  – see (1)]; jobi [Notophlebia] has mouth apparatus of "Dilatognathus-type", with following modifications: maxilla with a long inner-apica tusk and without apical flange, dentiseta and apical-ventral pectinate setae; maxillary palp filtering, with 1^st palpomere strenghted, 2^nd and 3^rd palpomeres elongated and 3^rd palpomere bearing long setae arranged in transverse rows; labial palp filtering, with 2^nd palpomere strongly shortened and 3^rd palpomere strongly elongated and bearing long setae arranged in transverse rows  (Sivaramakrishnan & Peters 1984: Fig.13–17; Kluge 2012: Table 1; Kluge 2012: Fig.46–51) (see Index of characters [1.1.12]