CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Siphluriscus.

(1) Branched filamentous gills are present on bases of mouthparts and leg: maxilla, besides lateral gill [see Nesameletus/f1=Metamonius/g1 (7)], has another multibranched gill directed medially; labium bears a pair of multibranched gills by sides of submentum; in larva, subimago and imago bases of fore and middle (but not hind) legs bear multibranched gills, which arise from inner-proximal margin of coxa (Zhou & Peters 2003: Fig.8,10,16,29). Similar, but differently arranged gills independently appeared in some other taxa (see Index of characters [1]).

(2) Larval claw bears an unusually large flexible projection on inner side (Zhou & Peters 2003: Fig.32). Unlike Nesameletus/f2=Metamonius/g2, denticles are absent. 

Characters of Siphluriscus of unclear phylogenetic status.

(3) Larval paraproct with a spine on inner-apical margin (Zhou & Peters 2003: Fig.21). The same in Siphlonurus/fg2, Metretopus/fg1 and Vetulata.

Plesiomorphies of Siphluriscus. In larva (unlike Nesameletus/f2=Metamonius/g2): Mandibles [see Nesameletus/f1=Metamonius/g1 (1)] are not elongate perpendicular to axis of articulation (Zhou & Peters 2003: Fig.6-7). 1^st dentiseta is not thickened, common base of 2^nd and 3^rd dentisetae is either stout and bears a few irregular non-fused setae (Kluge 2004: Fig.31:E) or non-expressed (Zhou & Peters 2003: Fig.6-7). Tergalii without additional rib on anal margin. Subimaginal lateral pigmented area of mesonotum is not large, bifurcates posteriorly in such a manner, that one its branch stretches along lateroparapsidal suture, and another branch – along lateral scutal suture (plesiomorphic condition, unlike Nesameletus/f2=Metamonius/g2 and many others – see Index of characters [2.2.14]).