CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA
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CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA |
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Prosopistoma/f2=g3
(Panephemeroptera
Euephemeroptera
Euplectoptera
Posteritorna
Prosopistoma/f1=g2
- Prosopistoma/f1=g2)
Nomen hierarchicum:
Prosopistoma/f2=g3
[f:1917; g:1833] (sine Proximicorneus).
In circumscription fits:
— gen. Prosopistoma Latreille 1833: 33
— gen. Chelysentomon Joly & Joly 1872: 438
— gen. Binoculus: Demoulin 1954b: 102
— tribus Prosopistomini: Lameere 1917: 75
— fam. Prosopistomidae: Lestage 1917: 240
— fam. Binoculidae Demoulin 1954b: 103
— Prosopistoma/f1=g2: Kluge 2004: 63
Synonym:
objective synonym of Prosopistoma is Chelysentomon/g
[g:1872]
Nominal taxon included:
Binoculus/fg
[fg:1954] (nom. praeocc.).
References. Vayssiere 1881:
; –
1890:
; – Eaton 1883-1888:
; – Lestage 1917:
; – Lafon 1953: ; –
Gillies 1954: 
; – 1956:
; – Tshernova 1970:
; –
Kluge 2004: * *
*.
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Autapomorphies of Prosopistoma/f1=g2 or Prosopistoma/f2=g3 – see Prosopistoma/f1=g2. Autapomorphies of Prosopistoma/f2=g3 (1) Wing venation [greatly modified – see Prosopistoma/f1=g2 (1)] has modified RS: RSa and RSp begin near wing base independently, i.e. have a form of intercalaries; RSa is non-branching (only sometimes female has vestige of RSa1 arising anteriorly from RSa), so fore wing has only veins radiating from base in a fan-form manner. (2) Winged stages are short-living; moult to imago takes place in males only; all legs of female and of male imago, including fore legs, are diminished and non-functional (only in male subimago legs are functional, serving moult on substrate). Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [2] and [2.2.80]). In male tarsi are 2-segmented, first of these segments is fused with tibia, each leg has a single blunt claw; female legs are reduced in greater degree. Like in other short-living mayflies, subimaginal cuticle is entirely thin and colourless, without pigmented areas (Kluge 2004: Fig.16:D). (3) In winged stages paracercus is developed, subequal to cerci (unlike Proximicorneus and Baetisca/f2=g1). It can be a plesiomorphy or a result of secondary development of imaginal paracercus from larval one. Caudalii (cerci and paracercus) of winged stages have no distinct segmentation, in female and in male subimago are very small (somewhat smaller than larval ones), in male imago they are several times longer, soft, with long irregular hairs (Gillies 1954: Fig.1-2). |
Size. Small, fore wing length 2–7 mm.
Distribution. Eastern Hemisphere: Afrotropical, Oriental, Australian and Palaearctic Regions.
Nominal species in Prosopistoma/f1=g2:
africanum Gillies 1954 [Prosopistoma]
alaini Bojkova & Soldán 2015 [Prosopistoma]
amanzamnyama Barber-James 2010 [Prosopistoma]
annamense Soldán & Braasch 1984 [Prosopistoma]
boreus
Peters 1967 [Prosopistoma]
carinatum Boonsoong & Sartori 2019 [Prosopistoma]
coorgum Balachandran & Ambalagan & Kannan & Dinakaran
& Krishnan 2016 [Prosopistoma]
crassi Gillies 1954 [Prosopistoma]
deguernei Vayssière 1893 [Prosopistoma]
foliaceus Fourcroy
1785 [Binoculus]
//
funanense Soldán & Braasch 1984 [Prosopistoma]
helenae Bojkova & Soldán 2015 [Prosopistoma]
indicum Peters 1967[Prosopistoma]
lieftincki Peters 1967 [Prosopistoma]
maroccanum El Alami & Benlasri & Sartori (in El Alami
& Benlasri & Sartori & Vuataz & Ghamizi) 2022 [Prosopistoma]
mccaffertyi Barber-James 2010 [Prosopistoma]
ocellatum Shi & Tong 2013 [Prosopistoma]
olympus Sartori & Gattolliat 2003 [Prosopistoma]
orhanelicum Dalkiran 2009 [Prosopistoma]
oronti Alouf 1977 [Prosopistoma]
palawana Peters 1967 [Prosopistoma]
pearsonorum Campbell &
Hubbard 1998 [Prosopistoma]
pennigerum Müller 1785 [Limulus]
— syn.subj. foliaceus [Binoculus]
phoenicum Alouf 1977 [Prosopistoma]
— syn.subj. oronti
[Prosopistoma]
pisciforme Dumeril 1816 [Binoculus]
— syn.subj. foliaceus [Binoculus]
punctifrons Latreille
1833 [Prosopistoma]
— syn.subj. foliaceus [Binoculus]
sedlaceki Peters 1967 [Prosopistoma]
sinense
Tong & Dudgeon 2000 [Prosopistoma]
someshwarensis Roopa & Selvakumar & Subramanian (in
Roopa & Selvakumar & Subramanian & Sivaramakrishnan) [Prosopistoma]
trispinum Zhou & Zheng 2004 [Prosopistoma]
turcica Kazanci & Türkmen 2018 [Prosopistoma]
unicolor Zhou & Zheng 2004 [Prosopistoma]
variegatum Latreille 1833 [Prosopistoma]
wouterae Lieftinck 1932 [Prosopistoma]
wuchang Zheng
& Mu & Zhou 2024 [Prosopistoma]
Examined also:
sp. (Iraq)
sp. (Uganda) 
,
sp. (Tanzania)
sp. (Zambia)
sp.cf. lieftincki (Sri Lanka)
sp. (Thailand)
sp. (Sulawesi)
