CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Homoeoneuria/fg1.

(1) Larval fore leg [specialized – see Eusetisura (1)] has tarsus vestigial, claw either vestigial (Kluge 2004: Fig.43:D-E) or lost (Pescador & Peters 1980: Fig.58-62).

(2) Larval middle and hind legs are highly specialized, with coxae and claws modified (Tshernova 1937: Fig.6; Pescador & Peters 1980: Fig.56). Coxa is very strongly elongate at all its sides, having a form of mobile cylindrical segment narrowly attached to the body. Claws are nearly straight, slender and desclerotized, without median row of denticles on inner side [see Eusetisura (5)], either smooth (in Homoeoneuria/g2) or with two rows of protuberances by sides (in Oligoneurisca – Kluge 2004: Fig.43:F). Most part of the leg is covered by dense long thin setae; unlike other Eusetisura, without stout setae. In winged stages coxae of middle and hind legs are also very strongly elongated and attached to the body by narrow base.

(3) Larval abdominal sterna II and III each with a median protuberance, which on its sides bears long setae directed laterally; next abdominal sterna also with long setae directed laterally-posteriorly. Unique apomorphy.

(4) In male imago tarsus of middle and hind leg [non-functional – see Geminovenata (2)] either looks as 2-segmented, or its segmentation is indistinct.

Characters of Homoeoneuria/fg1 of unclear phylogenetic status.

(5) Larval head is secondarily hypognathous, head shield is not large, without regular row of marginal setae [see Discoglossata (1)]: in Homoeoneuria/g2 with submarginal setae only, in Oligoneurisca without setae (Tshernova 1937: Fig.2; Pescador & Peters 1980: Fig.56).

(6) Tergalii II–VII are not cup-shaped [see Discoglossata (10)], flat, with dense row of long pectinate setae on anal margin (Tshernova 1937: Fig.9). The same in Fittkauneuria; possibly synapomorphy.

Plesiomorphies of Homoeoneuria/fg1. On fore wing bifurcation of MA is situated near wing base (unlike Elassoneuria/g1). Larval and imaginal paracercus is well-developed (unlike Lachlania, Spaniophlebia and some Oligoneuriella/g2).