CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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(1) Tergalius VI has both branches of ventral lobe [see Ephemerella/fg1 (7)] fused together, so its ventral lobe is integral, not bifurcate and bears processes on both sides (at the same time, this tergalius is not diminished if compare with tergalii III–V, unlike vestigial tergalius VII) (Kluge 2004: Fig.91:C). The same in Austremerella only; in all other Ephemerella/fg1 tergalius VI either has bifurcate ventral lobe (Kluge 2004: Fig.91:B), or is vestigial or lost (in some Pantricorythi – see Table).

Plesiomorphies of Ephemerella/fg4. Unlike Teloganopsis and Hyrtanella/f2=Crinitella/g1, hind wing always without prominent costal projection and with Sc terminating near apex. Unlike Amurella, larval abdominal terga either with paired projections [see Ephemerella/fg1 (19)] or without projections, but never have unpaired projections.