CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Dipteromimus.

(1) Mouth apparatus, being generally primitive, has some unique modifications (Ueno 1931: Fig.28): Glossae and paraglossae are petiolate – thick, but strongly narrowed basally. Maxilla is somewhat diminished, its apical-ventral row of setae is vestigial; maxillary palp is elongate.

(2) Hind wings are diminished, and fore wings are narrowed: Length of hind wing is about 0.1 of fore wing length; hind wing veins RS, MA and MP [which initially form triads – see Euplectoptera (1)] are shortened so strongly, that lost furcations. Fore wing lost its initial triangular shape, strongly narrowed at proximal half, thus is widest at midlength [at the same time initial basitornal margin remains to be long (much longer than hind wing), and cubital field has 5–7 veins going from CuA to basitornal margin – see Anteritorna (1)] (Eaton, 1883-1888: Pl.20:35; Pl.64:25).

Characters of Dipteromimus of unclear phylogenetic status.

(3) Subimaginal lateral pigmented area of mesonotum is strongly stretched posteriorly along sublateroscutum (Kluge 2004: Fig.21:A). By form of this area Dipteromimus differs from each other taxa.

(4) Imaginal and subimaginal claws (initially ephemeropteroid) on each leg are similar and pointed. Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [2.2.85]); among Tridentiseta, the same in Siphlonurus/fg1 and Nesameletus/f1=Metamonius/g1.

(5) On each tergalius I-VII anal rib is situated very far from anal margin, on dorsal side, near middle of tergalius, just behind middle trachea (while costal rib has usual for mayflies position on costal margin) (Ueno 1931: Fig.27). The same in Siphlonurus/fg1, Nesameletus/f1=Metamonius/g1, Rallidens and some others (see Index of characters [1.3.28]).

(6) Larval abdominal terga and sterna lack denticles on posterior margin (probably, non-unique apomorphy) and lack stout setae (which are peculiar for Siphlonurus/fg1 and some others).

Plesiomorphies of Dipteromimus. Larva has primary swimming siphlonuroid specialization: legs are able to stretch posteriorly; abdomen is large, able to make undulate swimming movements; caudalii are not long, paracercus is developed, primary swimming setae are dense, secondary swimming setae are absent. Maxilla [see (1)] has 3 canines and 3 dentisetae [see Anteritorna (2)]; maxillary palp [see (1)] is 3-segmented; labial palp is 3-segmented. Larval (and adult) patella-tibial suture is developed on middle and hind legs only. Larval claws are slightly curved, without denticles.

In imago and subimago: Mesonotal suture is transverse (Kluge 2004: Fig.21:A); anterior paracoxal suture is complete (Unlike Rallidens and some Bidentiseta); furcasternal protuberances are contiguous (unlike Amphinotic groups of Tridentiseta and some others – see Index of characters [2.2.23]). Imaginal and subimaginal tarsi are 5-segmented, 1^st segment is the longest and fused with tibia. Paracercus is subequal to cerci. Gonostylus has 2 distal segments.