CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Hyrtanella/f2=Crinitella/g1.

(1) Tergalius [consisting of dorsal integral lamella and ventral bifurcate pectinate lamella – see Ephemerella/fg1 (7) and Plesiomorphy of Torleya/g1] can bear an additional narrow lamella dorsad of the dorsal lobe; this additional lamella represents an outgrowth of anal margin of the dorsal lobe arising close to its base. In christineae [Hyrtanella] and sp.HC1 additional lamella is present on tergalii IV–VI or V–VI (Kluge 2004: Fig.94:A–E); in coheri [Ephemerella (Crinitella)] – on tergalius VI only.

In other respects tergalial structure is plesiomorphic or varies among species:

Tergalii III [anteriormost – see Ephemerella/fg3 (1)] can have normal size (in coheri [E.]) or are strongly enlarged and form gill opercula reaching crests of tergum VIII [see (2)] and covering the rest pairs of tergalii (in christineae [H.] and sp.HC1); the same variability in plesiomorphon Torleya/fg2.

Tergalius VI has ventral lobe bifurcate, as that of tergalii III–V (unlike Ephemerella/fg4).

Tergalius VII [with ventral lobe non-bifurcate – see Ephemerella/fg1 (7)] retains both lamellate lobes [originally the genus Hyrtanella was wrongly described as having "gills on segments 3–6" only (Allen & Edmunds 1976)].

(2) Abdominal terga IV–VIII form a pair of cavities, into which tergalii [lying dorsally – see Ephemerella/fg1 (7)] can be inserted: these cavities are deeper posteriorly and distinctly outlined from behind by a pair of semicircular transverse crests on tergum VIII; in coheri [E.] and sp.HC1 each such crest bears a row of stout setae, in christineae [H.] these crests are very prominent and lack setae. In some other taxa similar cavities occur, but without crests on segment VIII.

Character of Hyrtanella/f2=Crinitella/g1 of unclear phylogenetic status.

(3) Hind wing can have a prominent costal projection at midlength of costal margin, and Sc terminating just distad of its base (Kluge 2004: Fig.94:F). Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [2.2.62]); among Ephemerella/fg2 the same in Teloganopsis only; unlike Teloganopsis, subcostal field retains indeterminate number of non-specialized cross-veins. These features of hind wing structure are found in larval protoptera of selected specimens of coheri [E.] and christineae [H.]; possibly, they vary individually.

Variable characters of Hyrtanella/f2=Crinitella/g1. Larval head either has normal shape (in christineae [H.] and sp.HC1), or is flattened dorsoventrally, with mandibles and other mouthparts strongly shortened (in coheri [E.] – Kluge 2004: Fig.94:G–H) (in the original description of E. coheri left and right mandibles were drawn in different positions that makes an illusion of asymmetry). Abdominal terga either with paired projections [see Ephemerella/fg1 (19)] on segments IV–IX, (in sp.HC1), or with paired projections on segments IV–VII and unpaired on modified segments VIII–IX (in christineae [H.]), or without projections (in coheri [C.]).