CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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(1) Imaginal, subimaginal and larval prosternum is narrow, bases of fore legs are brought together; in imago and subimago prosternum has more or less triangular or trapezoid shape, strongly narrowing anteriorly (Malzacher 1995: Fig.2–6; Kluge 2004: Fig.86:B).

Non-unique character, but differs from Brachycercus/f1=g3 and Madecocercus, where prosternum is wider and rectangular.

(2) Imaginal metanotum [vestigial – see Caenoptera (9)] has posterior border of scutellum bent up, thus area behind it is exposed dorsally, and this border looks as a transverse ridge on dorsal side of metanotum (Kluge 2004: Fig.87:A-B). At the same time, larval and subimaginal metanotum retains primitive structure – flat, with prominent scutellum projected posteriorly.

(3) Larval claws usually with 1 row of denticles on inner margin (in some species these denticles are very small or absent). Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [1.2.21]); other Fimbriatotergaliae have no denticles on claws.