CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Waynokiops.

(1) Median emargination of labrum widened, without projection, with transverse row of four sensilla on ventral side.

Labrum is trapezoidal, i.e. widened distally, with lateral margins diverging and distal margin more straight than in other Baetidae; median emargination is widened and shallow (Kluge 2022: Figs 26–27, 65–67). At least in W. pentacanthus and W. palifer, bottom of median emargination is straight; 4 sensilla form transverse row on ventral side of labrum proximad of the median emargination (in contrast with the majority of Baetidae, where the bottom of the median emargination forms a sclerotized projection). Stout setae forming regular row on distal margin, are spaced (in contrast to most other Baetidae, in which sockets of these setae are contiguous). At least in W. pentacanthus and W. palifer, dorsal surface of labrum bears only irregularly situated fine setae, without distinguishable submedian pair and without distinguishable pair of submarginal rows. 

Shape and setation of labrum are similar to that of Securiops.

(2) Distal (3rd) segment of labial palp [widened and truncate – see Cloeon/fg1 (2)] is especially wide, with the inner-distal angle acute; the outer-distal angle is sharply stretched into a small, blunt projection (Kluge 2022: Figs 24, 71). This resembles Securiops, which has pointed projection on the same place. 

(3) Larval femora have no any stout setae on outer side and apex (in contrast to other Turbanoculata); inner side of femur with row of stout setae (Kluge 2022: Figs 37, 79).

(4) Abdominal terga and other body parts without scales and scale sockets [see Turbanoculata (12)] (at least in W. pentacanthus and W. palifer) (Kluge 2022: Figs 3–9, 88–91) (in contrast to majority of other Cloeon/fg1).

(5) Each abdominal tergum II–VI bears unpaired dorsal protrusions hooked backward (Kluge 2022: Figs 3–4, 10, 72, 88–89; Hill et al., 2010: fig. 9).

Characters of Waynokiops of unclear phylogenetic status. 

(6) In female imago and subimago, patella-tibial suture is absent on fore leg and present on middle and hind legs (Kluge 2022: Figs 41–42) (in contrast to other Anteropatellata; the same in Protopatellata – see Index of characters [2.2.78.1]).

Variable characters of Waynokiops.

In larva, patello-tibial suture is either lost on all legs (in palifer [Waynokiops]) (Kluge 2022: Fig. 79), or present; if present (in dentatogriphus [Waynokiops] and pentacanthus [Waynokiops]), it is simplified, without bent in distal direction and without bent of the row of setal sockets [see Cloeon/fg1 (3)]; the patella-tibial suture is not equal on all larval leg pairs, but is better developed on middle and hind legs and less developed on fore legs (Kluge 2022: Figs 38, 39–40; Hill et al. 2010: Fig. 13), so that demonstrates structure intermediate between typical Anteropatellata and Protopatellata (see Index of characters [1.2.18]); see (6). 

Tergalii VII either present (in dentatogriphus [Waynokiops]) or absent.