CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z 

Autapomorphies of Monocentroptilum.

(1) On femur of each larval leg, most distal setae of the row on outer margin form 2 groups, with 2 setae in each (Kluge 2018: Fig.18,20). 

() Mesonotum with 2 pairs of small protuberances: one pair near posterior margin between protoptera, another in front of them dorsal side of head, pronotum and mesonotum with minute triangular setae, each narrow at base and sharply widened apically (Fig. 24, 28); elongated setae of the same type form dense bunches on top of each protuberance of mesonotum (Kluge 2018: Fig.1, 23,24,25, 28).

() All tergalii I–VII obliquely truncate in such a manner that costal margin seems shorter than anal margin; both costal and anal margins sclerotized (Kluge 2018: Fig.1,3, 10–16). The same in Madaechinopus (poorly known taxon, possibly related to Monocentroptilum).

Characters of Monocentroptilum of unclear phylogenetic status.

() Maxilla of the «Baetis-type», i.e. 1st dentiseta massive, canine-like and bent toward canines; maxillary palp 2-segmented (Kluge 2018: Fig.6) (see Index of characters [1.1.38]).

() In imago and subimago, anteronotal protuberance is pointed in lateral view (Kluge 2018: Fig.32, 42) (see Index of characters [2.2.5])

() Larval claw asymmetric, posterior row of denticles [see Tetramerotarsata (not all) (11)] reduced to 1 proximal denticle, so that claw has pair of proximal denticles and 4–5 denticles of anterior row (Kluge 2018: Fig.19,22) (see Index of characters [1.2.21]).

() Larval claw with symmetric pair of subapical setae (Kluge 2018: Fig.19,22) (see Index of characters [1.2.24]).

() Larval abdominal terga and metanotum with short rounded scales in semicircular sockets; their sockets lack operculae (Kluge 2018: Fig.30) (see Index of characters [1.3.4]).

()  Tergalii lost ability for rhythmical respiratory movements. The same in many other taxa (see Index of characters [1.3.30]).

Plesiomorphies of Monocentroptilum.

() Labial palp of the «Afroptilum-type»: its 2nd segment is long and widened distally, forming a rounded convexity on median side close to base of 3rd segment; 3rd segment small, narrowed distally (Kluge 2018: Fig.7). The same in some other Protopatellata (see Index of characters [1.1.58]).

() In larva, outer margin of tibia apically with one stout clavate seta (Kluge 2018: Figs 18,20-21) (see Index of characters [1.2.17]).

() Fore wings with no more than one marginal intercalary in each space (unlike Baetovectata) [see Liberevenata (2)] (Index of characters [2.2.55]).

() Costal projection of hind wing is hooked and pointed, not bifurcate («Centroptilum-type») (Kluge 2018: Fig.41). The same in some other Protopatellata and many Anteropatellata, unlike bipointed costal projection («Afroptilum-type») found in some Protopatellata (see Index of characters [2.2.62]).

() Patella-tibial suture typical for Protopatellata: in larva present on middle and hind legs, but absent on fore leg (Kluge 2018: Fig.18,20); in female subimago and imago it is also expressed on middle and hind legs, but absent on fore leg (Kluge 2018: Fig.37,38) (similarly to male subimago and imago of this taxon and all other Baetidae) (see Index of characters [1.2.18], Index of characters [2.2.78.1]).

() Before molt from larva to subimago, subimaginal gonostyli are bent under larval cuticle in «Cloeon-type» pose, i.e. with 2nd segments directed laterally (Kluge 2018: Fig.44). The same in most other Protopatellata and Anteropatellata-non-Baetovectata (see Index of characters [2.3.9]).