CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphy of Teloganopsis/g1.

(1) Maxilla is specialized as filtering: field of apical setae [see Ephemerella/fg1 (16)] is enlarged and expanded up to tip; maxillary canines are either reduced to a row of short denticles bordering median margin of this field (Kluge: Fig.93:D), or lost at all (in lenoki [E.] and brocha [E.]) (Kluge: Fig.93:B). Maxillary palp is always lost [see Ephemerella/fg1 (1)]. Such filtering maxillary specialization is similar to that of Cincticostella/g1, but ventral canine is not flattened and not widened.

In other respects structure of mouthparts is rather variable. The type species of Uracanthella and Kangella are closely related and have highly specialized mouth apparatus: maxillae are flattened, parallel-sided, with wide apical margin lacking canines; mandibles are elongated with incisor, kinetodontium and prostheca located on a stretched pedestal; labium is enlarged, and labial palp is slender (Tshernova 1952: Fig.83–85; Belov 1979: Fig. a-f; Kang & Yang 1995: Fig.5). In other species of Uracanthella maxillae vary from narrowed apically, as in majority of Ephemerella/fg1 (Studemann & Tomka 1987: Fig.14b; Kluge 2004: Fig.93:D) to widened apically (in sp.U1); mandibles are non-specialized; labium can be either of a usual form, or strongly widened (in sp.U1). In Teloganopsis/g2 maxillae are narrowed apically,  mandibles are non-specialized and labium has usual form.

Discussion. Jacobus & McCafferty (2008) suggest to unite under the genus name Teloganopsis all species placed here to Teloganopsis/g2, Uracanthella, Amurella and some species from the plesiomorphon Torleya/g2. The genus Teloganopsis sensu Jacobus & McCafferty 2008 is characterized only as Torleya/g1 whose larvae have enlarged distal denticle on claws. Actually such enlarged denticle occurs in various non-related mayfly taxa, including aurivillii [Chitonophora], which undoubtedly can not belong to Teloganopsis sensu Jacobus & McCafferty 2008.