CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Thraulobaetodes.

(1) Tergalii [of pairs II–VII] lack ribs and bear numerous (about 7–12) apical processes (Kluge 2015: Fig.17). The same in some other Ephemeroptera, but not in other Turbanoculata.

(2) Tergalii are shifted to ventral side of abdomen  (Kluge 2015: Fig.12) (the same in Afrobaetodes and Baetodes/g3). Tergalii retain ability to rhythmical respiratory movements [see Rhithrocloeon/fg1 (3)]: larva turns abdomen up, and tergalii move synchronously in caudal direction.

(3) Tergalii I are lost.  

(4) Patella-tibial suture [present on middle and hind legs only – see plesiomorphy of Protopatellata] in larva stretches along tibia and is smoothed out not reaching inner side of tibia (Kluge 2015: Fig.21, 25); in subimago and imago patella-tibial suture has normal structure (Kluge 2015: Fig.29-30). The same in some other taxa (see Index of characters [1.2.18]).

(5) Larval thorax and abdomen with peculiar projections: anterolateral angles of pronotum are stretched anteriorly, pronotum with pair of dorsal projections, mesonotum metanotum and each abdominal terga I–IX each with an unpaired median projection (Kluge 2015: Fig.11-17).

Plesiomorphy separating of Thraulobaetodes from Rhithrocloeon/fg2.

(6) Gonostylus [modified – see Rhithrocloeon/fg1 (1)] retains diminished terminal segment (Kluge 2015: Fig.36-37, 39-41) (unlike Rhithrocloeon/fg2, whose terminal segment is lost).

Other plesiomorphies of Thraulobaetodes.

(7) Larval claw with 2 rows of denticles (Kluge 2015: Fig.26) [see Tetramerotarsata (11)].

(8) Hind wing [see Rhithrocloeon/fg1 (4)] is retained in both sexes (Kluge 2015: Fig.31-32).