CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Kivuiops.

(1) Prostheca of right mandible is widened, stout and dentate, similar to prostheca of left mandible (Kluge 2012: Fig.30). This differs both from Rhithrocloeon/fg3 (whose right prostheca is seta-like [comp.: Rhithrocloeon/fg4 (1)] and from Bugilliesia (whose right prostheca is plesiomorphically narrow and dentate (Gillies 1990: Figs 71–73)).

(2) On maxilla [of «Cloeon-type» – see Rhithrocloeon/fg2 (3)], inner-dorsal row of setae (which represents continuation of the row of dentisetae in proximal direction) consists of a single stout seta, which is especially long (much longer than dentisetae) and bent proximally (Kluge 2012: Fig.27); rarely one smaller seta locates proximad to it. Unlike Kivuips, in Rhithrocloeon/fg3 and Bugilliesia the inner-dorsal row retains several setae, which are not so long and not bent proximally.

(3) On labium [modified – see Rhithrocloeon/fg3 (1)] setae on inner side of glossae are short and stout (Kluge 2012: Fig.10) (unlike Rhithrocloeon/fg4, whose setae are longer and thinner – Kluge 2012: Fig.11).

(4) Larval paraproct has numerous small fine spines, directed perpendicular to its margin (Kluge 2012: Fig.36) (unlike Rhithrocloeon/fg4, whose paraproct has fewer oblique spines – Kluge 2012: Fig.37)

(5) On cuticle of subimaginal wing each microtrichion arises from center of a large brown round spot on colorless background (Kluge 2012: Fig.22). Examined species of Bugilliesia have no such spots. In Rhithrocloeon/fg4 permirum [Cloeon] this character ois absent (examined in 2016).

Characters of Kivuiops of unclear phylogenetic status. 

(6) All species have similar shape of gonostyli (Kluge 2012: Fig.12-18, 20, 31), different from gonostyli of each two species of Rhithrocloeon/fg3. Possibly, plesiomorphy.