NOMEN: Plectoptera Packard 1886 [A.S. Packard. A new arrangement of the orders of insects. – The American Naturalist, 1886, 20 (9): 808]
ORIGINAL LISTED MEMBERSHIP (Packard 1886): Ephemeridae
SENIOR CIRCUMSCRIPTIONAL SYNONYM:
= Anisoptera Stephens 1835 (non Selys 1854)
JUNIOR CIRCUMSCRIPTIONAL SYNONYMS:
= Ephemeroptera
Hyatt & Arms
1890
= Plectopteradelphia Crampton 1916
= Archipterygota Borner 1909
= Prometabola Heymons
1909
NON-MONOSEMANTIC
CIRCUMSCRIPTIONAL SYNONYMS (including †Protephemeroidea):
= Panephemeroptera Crampton 1928
= Ephemeropteria Crampton
1938
= Ephemeropteroidea Rohdendorf
1968
NON-MONOSEMANTIC CIRCUMSCRIPTIONAL SYNONYM
(without †Protephemeroidea,
including †Permoplectoptera):
= Euephemeroptera Kluge 2000
NON-MONOSEMANTIC CIRCUMSCRIPTIONAL SYNONYM
(without †Permoplectoptera):
= Euplectoptera Tillyard 1932
HEMIHOMONYM: Plectoptera Saussure 1864 (available generic name)
TYPIFIED
NAME IN BASIC FORMAT: Ephemera/fg
TYPIFIED
NAMES IN USE: Ephemera (sensu
Linnaeus 1858), Ephemeraedes, Ephemeralia, Ephemerata,
Ephemerida, Ephemeridae, Ephemeridea, Ephemerina,
Ephemerinae, Ephemeroidea, Ephemeriformes
MODERN STATUS: circumscriptional synonym of the name Ephemeroptera Hyatt & Arms 1891.
COMMENT. In our days, a generally accepted name of this taxon is Ephemeroptera, while older names exist. A name Anisoptera Stephens 1835 was forgotten, and now the same name Anisoptera Selys 1854 is used for dragonflies. A name Plectoptera Packard 1886 by its etymology and spelling is very similar to a generally accepted name Plecoptera Burmeister 1839 (stoneflies), and because of this is not used (see below).
If only recent representatives are to be discussed, the taxon Ephemeroptera (= Plectoptera) looks distinctly outlined. In this case, all names listed above monosemantically fit it in circumscription, and a hierarchical name should be written as Ephemera/fg1. However, there are known several fossil Palaeozoic forms, which have relationship with recent mayflies, but do not fall into the taxon Ephemeroptera (= Plectoptera), if it is characterized by structure of recent representatives only. These extinct forms together with recent mayflies form a group Ephemeroptera s.l., or Panephemeroptera (or Ephemera/fg1), which includes a subordinate taxon also named Ephemeroptera, or Euephemeroptera (or Ephemera/fg2), which in its turn includes a subordinate taxon Ephemeroptera s.str., or Euplectoptera (or Ephemera/fg3), to which all recent mayflies belong. Classification of Ephemeroptera:
| Panephemeroptera,
or Ephemeroptera s.1 (Ephemera/fg1) † Protephemeroidea (Triplosoba/fg1) Euephemeroptera, or Ephemeroptera s.2 (Ephemera/fg2) † Permoplectoptera (Protereisma/f1=Phtharthus/g1) Euplectoptera, or Ephemeroptera s.3 (Ephemera/fg3) |