International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature:
OPINIONS and DIRECTIONS
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature:
OPINIONS and DIRECTIONS
taxa names:
Li
Liagora Gistl 1848, Nat. Thierr.: ix (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Liagore de Haan [1833]). Direction 37
Liagore de Haan [1833], in Siebold, Fauna japon. (Crust.): 4, 19 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Cancer (Liagore) rubromaculatus de Haan [1833], in Siebold, Fauna japon. (Crust.): 19; id. [1835], ibid.: 49) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 85, Direction 37
Liancalus Loew 1857 (Diptera). ICZN 2018: Opinion 2421
Liasis Gray 1842, Zoological Miscellany, p. 44 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Liasis mackloti Duméril & Bibron 1844) (Reptilia, Serpentes). Opinion 1514
liassicus Jones 1853 [originally in Nummulites], in Brodie, Proc. Cotteswold Nat. Field Club, 1: 243 (valid name at the date of Opinion 706 of the type species of Involutina Terquem 1862) (Rhizopoda). Opinion 706
liberiensis Morton 1849 [originally in Hippopotamus], Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, (2)1: 232 (specific name of the type species of Choeropsis Leidy 1852) (Mammalia, Artiodactyla). Opinion 1393
Liburnia Stål 1866, Officina Norstedtiana, Stockholm, Sweden, p. 179, a junior objective synonym of Embolophora Stål (Hemiptera). Opinion 2260
Libystes Milne Edwards 1867, Ann. Soc. entomol. France, (4)7: 285 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Libystes nitidus Milne Edwards 1867, Ann. Soc. entomol. France, (4)7: 285) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 85, Direction 37
Lichenella Gray 1858, Proc. zool. Soc. London, 26: 322 (rejected for all purposes other than those of the Principle of Homonymy as a name applied to a specimen not belonging to the animal kingdom). Opinion 617
Lichia Cuvier 1817, Règne Animal, 2: 321 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Regan 1903 (Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (7)12: 348-350): Scomber amia Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 299) (Osteichthyes). Opinion 1124
ligea Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Papilio], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 473 (specific name of the type species of Erebia Dalman 1816) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 506
Ligia Fabricius 1798, Suppl. Entomol. syst.: 296, 301 (conserved under the plenary power) (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Latreille 1810 (Consid. gén. Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 423, 110): Oniscus oceanicus Linnaeus 1767, Systema Naturae, Ed. 12, vol. 1, part 2, p. 1061) (Crustacea, Isopoda). Opinion 330
Ligia Weber 1795, Nomencl. entomol. Syst. Fabr.: 92 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 330
lignaria Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Bulla], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 727 (specific name of the type species of Scaphander Montfort 1810) (Gastropoda). Opinion 287
ligniperda Latreille 1802 [originally in Formica], Hist. nat. Fourmis: 88 (specific name of the type species of Camponotus Mayr 1861) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 424
Ligula Bloch 1782, Abh. Eingeweidewürmer: 1 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Braun 1900 (in Bronn, Klass. Ordn. Thierr., 4: 1670): Ligula avium Bloch 1782, Abh. Eingeweidewürmer: 4) (Cestoda). Opinion 104, Direction 76
Ligula Montagu 1808, Test. brit., Suppl.: 22 (a junior homonym of Ligula Bloch 1782). Direction 76
Liguligenus [Renier] [1807], [Tav. serv. Class. Conn. Anim.]: Tav. VII (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 427
Ligulops Hall 1871, Preliminary Notice: 23rd Report State Cabinet Nat. Hist. Paleontology New York: 2 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 1151
Ligur Sarato 1885, Moniteur des Etrangers Nice, 9(222): 2 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Ligur edwardsii Sarato 1885, Moniteur des Etrangers Nice, 9(222): 2, valid name: Palemon ensiferus Risso 1816) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 470
ligurica Solier 1835 [originally in Tentyria], Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 4, p. 324 (specific name of the type species of Tentyria Latreille 1802) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2244.
liguricus Milne Edwards 1853 [originally in Euchirograpsus], Ann. Sci. nat., Paris (Zool.), (3)20: 175 (specific name of the type species of Euchirograpsus Milne Edwards 1853) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
ligustri Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Sphinx], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 489 (specific name of the type species of Sphinx Linnaeus 1758) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 379
Ligyrocoris Stål 1872, Öfvers. K. svensk. Vetensk.-Akad. Förhandl., Stockholm, 29: 51 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Cimex sylvestris Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 449) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Direction 63
lilifolia Fabricius 1793 [originally in Locusta], Entomol. syst., 2: 36 (specific name of the type species of Tylopsis Fieber 1853) (Insecta, Orthoptera). Direction 4
lilii Scopoli 1763 [originally in Attelabus], Entomol. Carniolica: 36 (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 908, Opinion 1130
liliiformis Lamarck 1801 [originally in Encrinus], Syst. Anim. sans Vertèbr.: 379 (specific name of the type species of Encrinus Lamarck 1801) (Crinoidea). Opinion 636
Lilioceris Reitter 1912, Fauna Germ, 4: 79 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Heinze 1937 (Bull. Mus. roy. Hist. nat. Belgique, 13(25): 3): Chrysomela merdigera Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 375) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 908, Opinion 1130, Opinion 2159
Lilioceris Reitter 1912, Fauna Germ., 4: 79 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Heinze 1937 (Bull. Mus. roy. Hist. nat. Belgique, 13(25): 3): Chrysomela merdigera Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 375) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 908, Opinion 1130
lilljeborgi Westerlund 1871 [originally in Pupa (Vertigo)], Nova Acta. K. Vet.-Soc. Upsala, (3)8 (No. 1): 90 (Gastropoda). Opinion 336
lilljeborgi Sjöstedt 1896 [originally in Termes], Festskrift för Lilljeborg, p. 269 (specific name of the type species of Macrotermes Holmgren 1909) (Insecta, Isoptera). Opinion 2038
liliorum De Geer 1775 [originally in Chrysomela rubra] (Arthropoda). ICZN 2014: Opinion 2333
Lima [Leach 1814], in Brewster’s Edinburgh Ency., 7(2): 429 (an incorrect original spelling for Lupa [Leach 1814], and a junior homonym of Lima Bruguière [1797]). Opinion 394
Limacia Müller 1781, Zool. dan. (ed. 2) (Danish edition), 1: 65 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Doris clavigera Müller 1776, Zool. dan. Prodr.: 229) (Gastropoda). Opinion 833
limacina Phipps 1774 [originally in Clio], A voyage towards the North Pole undertaken by His Majesty’s command 1773, p. 195 (senior synonym of Clione borealis Pallas 1774, type species of Clione Pallas 1774) (Pteropoda). Opinion 2133
limacina Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Tethys], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 653 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 200
Limaculum Bertrand 1763, Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 1: 280 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 592
limatula Carpenter 1864 [originally in Acmaea], Rep. brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1863: 650 (Gastropoda). Opinion 1281
Limax Férussac 1819, Hist. nat. gén. partic. Moll. terrestr. fluviat., 2(1): 50 (a later usage of Limax Linnaeus 1758, often cited as the name of a separately established genus, in which case it would be a junior homonym of Limax Linnaeus 1758). Direction 72
Limax Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 652 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Férussac 1819 (Hist. nat. gén. partic. Moll. terrestr. fluviat., 2(1): 67): Limax maximus Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 652) (Gastropoda). Opinion 94, Direction 72
Limax Martyn 1784, Univ. Conch.: 1 (a junior homonym of Limax Linnaeus 1758, and included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Direction 72
Limax Pallas 1774, Spicil. zool., 10: 19 (a junior homonym of Limax Linnaeus 1758). Direction 72
limax Esper 1797 [originally in Madrepora], Fortsetzungen der Pflanzenthiere, vol. 1, p. 77 (Anthozoa). Opinion 1573
limax Houttuyn 1772 [originally in Madrepora], Natuurlyke Historie of Uitvoerige Beschryving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen, vol. 1, part 17, p. 119, and all uses of the name prior to the publication of Madrepora limax Esper 1797 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy) (Anthozoa). Opinion 1573
limbata Fabricius 1794 [originally in Fulgora], Entomol. syst., 4: 6 (a junior primary homonym of limbata Olivier 1791 [originally in Fulgora]). Opinion 648
limbata Lucas 1835 [originally in Galeodes], Magasin de Zoologie, 5: Classe VIII, plate 5, text (specific name of the type species of Ammotrecha Banks 1900) (Arachnida). Opinion 2050
limbata Brullé 1838 [originally in Mantis] (Mantodea). ICZN 2018: Opinion 2428
limbatus Fallén 1829 [originally in Phytocoris], Hemipt. svec.: 92 (specific name of the type species of Apolygus China 1941) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 667
LIMENITIDES Butler 1870, Cat. diurn. Lep. Fabricius: 57 (type genus: Limenitis Fabricius 1807) (an incorrect original spelling for LIMENITIDINAE Butler 1870). Direction 99
LIMENITIDINAE (correction of LIMENITIDES) Butler [12 February 1870], Cat. diurn. Lep. Fabricius: 57 (type genus: Limenitis Fabricius 1807) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Direction 99, Direction 118
Limenitis Fabricius 1807, Mag. f. Insektenk. (Illiger), 6: 281 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Dalman 1816 (K. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., Stockholm, 1816(1): 55): Papilio populi Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 476) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 278
limes Grant 1956 [originally in Pycnonotus tricolor], Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (12)9: 366 (a junior primary homonym of limes Horniman 1940 [originally in Pycnonotus tricolor]). Opinion 480
limes Horniman 1940 [originally in Pycnonotus tricolor], Prelim. Descr. new Birds: 2 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 480
Limigenus [Renier] [1807] [Tav. serv. Class. Conn. Anim.]: Tav. VII (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 427
Limnaea Blainville 1823, Dict. Sci. nat., 26: 449 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Lymnaea Lamarck 1799). Opinion 495
Limnaea Poli 1791, Test. Sicil., 1: 31 (a junior objective synonym of Unio Philipsson 1788). Opinion 495
Limnaeus Pfeiffer 1821, Naturgesch. deutsch. Land- u. Sussw.-Moll., 1: 14, 84 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Lymnaea Lamarck 1799). Opinion 495
Limnas Hübner [1806] Samml. exot. Schmett., 1: pl. [29] (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Direction 2
Limnas Hübner [1806], Tentamen: [1] (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 278
Limnatis Moquin-Tandon 1827, Monogr. Fam. Hirudin.: 122 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Bdella nilotica Savigny 1822, Descr. Egypte, 1(3) (Ann.): 113) (Hirudinea). Opinion 104
Limnea Fleming 1828, Hist. brit. Anim.: 273 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Lymnaea Lamarck 1799). Opinion 495
Limneus Draparnaud [1801], Tabl. Moll. terrestr. fluviat. France: 47 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Lymnaea Lamarck 1799). Opinion 495
Limnicythere Brady 1868, Trans. linn. Soc. London, 26: 419, 420 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Limnocythere Brady 1868). Opinion 528
LIMNICYTHERINAE Sars 1925, Crustacea Norway, 9, Ostracoda: 148 (type genus: Limnocythere Brady 1868) (an incorrect original spelling for LIMNOCYTHERINAE Sars 1925). Opinion 528
Limnium Oken 1815, Lehrb. Naturgesch., 3 (Zool.) (1): viii (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 495
Limnocaridella Bouvier 1913, Bull. Soc. entomol. France, 1913: 180 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Limnocaridina alberti Lenz 1910, Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch Zentral-Afr. Exped. 1907-1908, 3(3): 12) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 470
Limnocaridina Calman 1899, Proc. zool. Soc. London, 1899: 704 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Limnocaridina tanganyikae Calman 1899, Proc. zool. Soc. London, 1899: 704) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 470
Limnocodium Allman 1854 (June 24) (gender: neuter), type species Limnocodium victoria Allman 1854 (June 24), junior subjective synonym of Craspedacusta Lankester 1880 (June 17) (Opinion 15)
Limnocythere Brady 1868, Intell. Observ., 12: 121 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Brady & Norman 1889 (Sci. Trans. roy. Dublin Soc., (2)4: 170): Cythere inopinata Baird 1843, Zoologist, 1: 195) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Opinion 528
LIMNOCYTHERINAE (correction by Klie 1938, of LIMNICYTHERINAE) Sars 1925, Crustacea Norway, 9, Ostracoda: 148 (type genus: Limnocythere Brady 1868) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Opinion 528
Limnoea Gourdon 1889, Cat. rais. Moll. Pique et Affluents: 70 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Lymnaea Lamarck 1799). Opinion 495
Limnoeus Shuttleworth 1872, Enum. Plantes Moll. terrestr. Eau douce Ile de Corse: 28 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Lymnaea Lamarck 1799). Opinion 495
limnophilus Erichson 1840 [originally in Paederus], Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae, part 2, p. 653, ruled under the plenary power to be given precedence over P. limophilus Heer 1839 whenever the two are considered to be synonyms (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2139
Limnostracites Bertrand 1763, Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 2: 92 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 592
limonii Cooper 1955 [originally in Heterodera], A preliminary key to British species of Heterodera for use in soil examination, in: Soil Zoology, Proceedings of the University of Nottingham Second Easter School in Agricultural Science, Kevan (ed.), Butterworth, London: 273, 274, 275, 276, 278 (Nematoda). Opinion 1336
limophilus Heer 1839 [originally in Paederus], Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica, vol. 1, part 2, p. 235, ruled under the plenary power not to be given priority over P. limnophilus Erichson 1840 whenever the two are considered to be synonyms (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2139
limosa Say 1818 [originally in Cancer], J. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1(2): 446 (specific name of the type species of Eurytium Stimpson 1859) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
limosa Fallén 1820 [originally in Copromyza], Diptera Sueciae Heteromyzides, p. 8, as defined by the lectotype (male syntype in Stockholm) designated under the plenary power (Insecta, Diptera). Opinion 1745
limosa Say 1817 [originally in Paludina], J. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1(6): 125 (valid name at the date of Opinion 1108 of the type species of Amnicola Gould & Haldeman 1840) (Gastropoda). Opinion 1108
LIMOSIINAE Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Diptera). ICZN 2015: Opinion 2360
limosus Rafinesque 1817 [originally in Astacus], Amer. mon. Mag., 2(1): 42 (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 522
limpidus Karsch 1879 [originally in Centrurus], Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Verein, 3: 120 (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Opinion 1394
Limulus Müller 1785, Entomostraca: 124 (conserved under the plenary power) (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Latreille 1810 (Consid. gén. Anim. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 421, 90): Monoculus polyphemus Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 634) (Merostomata). Opinion 104, Opinion 320
Lincus Stål 1867, Öfversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 24(7): 524 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Pentatoma rufospilota Westwood 1837) (Insecta, Heteroptera). Opinion 1742
linea Martyn 1784 [originally in Buccin[um]], Univ. Conch., 2: fig. 48 (conserved under the plenary power) (valid name at the date of Opinion 479 of the type species of Buccinulum Deshayes 1830) (Gastropoda). Opinion 479
linearis Carruthers 1858 [originally in Cladograpsus], Proc. roy. phys. Soc. Edinburgh, 1: 467 (specific name of the type species of Pleurograptus Nicholson 1867) (Graptolithina). Opinion 650
linearis Houttuyn [1787] [originally in Curculio], Anim. Mus. Houtt. Index: 68 (included in a work suppressed under the plenary power for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 380
linearis C.L. Koch 1835 [originally in Geophilus] (Chilopoda). ICZN 2014: Opinion 2335
linearis Lowe 1852 [originally in Pupa (Truncatellina)], Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (2)9: 275 (specific name of the type species of Truncatellina Lowe 1852) (Gastropoda). Opinion 335
linearis Olivier 1794 [originally in Staphylinus], Entomologie, hist. nat. Ins., 3(42): 19, pl. 4, fig. 38 (specific name of the type species of Xantholinus Dejean 1821, ex Dahl) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1250
lineata [Röding] 1798 [originally in Plotia], Mus. bolten. (2): 96 (a junior objective synonym of dolabratus Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Trochus]). Opinion 386
lineata Verrill 1869 [originally in Sagartia] (Anthozoa). ICZN 2013: Opinion 2324
lineata Fabricius 1787 [originally in Sigara], Mantissa insectorum sistens species nuper detectas adiectas synonymis, observationibus, descriptionibus, emendationibus, vol. 2, p. 276 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Heteroptera). Opinion 1626
lineata Young & Bird 1828 [originally in Terebratula], Geological survey of the Yorkshire coast (ed. 2): 232, pl. 7, fig. 10, as interpreted by the neotype designated under the plenary power (Brachiopoda). Opinion 1183
lineata Sowerby 1822 [originally in Terebratula?], Min. Conch., 4: 39, pl. 335, figs. 1, 2 (referred to as pl. 334 in text in error), as interpreted by the lectotype designated and figured by Muir-Wood 1951 (Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (12)4: 106, pl. 5, figs. 4a-c) (Brachiopoda). Opinion 420
lineata Forbes 1848 [originally in Thaumantias], A monograph of the British naked-eyed medusae: with figures of all the species, p. 48 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Hydrozoa). Opinion 1465
lineata Girard 1856 [originally in Tigoma], Researches upon the cyprinoid fishes inhabiting the freshwaters of the United States west of the Mississippi Valley, from specimens in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, p. 42, first issued as a separate in September 1856; published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8: 206 between 30 September and 27 December 1856) (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes). Opinion 1872
lineatum Pictet 1836 [originally in Macronema], Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. nat. Genève, 7: 399 (specific name of the type species of Macronema Pictet 1836) (Insecta, Trichoptera). Opinion 623
lineatus Bruguière 1789 [originally in Bulimus] (Gastropoda). ICZN 2013: Opinion 2322
lineatus Draparnaud [1801] [originally in Bulimus], Tabl. Moll. terrestr. fluviat. France: 67 (specific name of the type species of Acicula Hartmann 1821) (Gastropoda). Opinion 344 ; Opinion 2322
lineatus Martin 1809 [originally in Conchyliolithus Anomites], Petrif. derb.: sign. Q[4], pl. 36, fig. 3 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 420
lineatus Newport 1845 [originally in Geophilus], Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 19(9): 436 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Chilopoda). Opinion 2071
lineolata Peters 1878 [originally in Dasypeltis] (Reptilia). ICZN 2020: Opinion 2465
lineolatus Putnam 1863 [originally in Alburnus], Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 1: 9 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Osteichthyes). Opinion 1991
lingua Lightfoot 1786 [originally in Mytilus], Catalogue of the Portland Museum: 77 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 1355
linguifera Sowerby 1839 [originally in Atrypa], in Murchison, Silurian System: 629 (specific name of the type species of Antirhynchonella Oehlert 1887) (Brachiopoda). Opinion 374
Lingula Bruguière [1797], Tabl. encycl. trois règnes de la nature, Vers, Coquilles, Mollusques et Polypiers, pl. 250 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Lingula anatina Lamarck 1801, Système des animaux sans vertèbres: 141) (Brachiopoda). Opinion 1355
Lingulops Hall 1872, 23rd Report State Cabinet Nat. Hist. Paleontology New York: 245 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Lingulops whitfieldi Hall 1872, 23rd Report State Cabinet Nat. Hist. Paleontology New York: expl. pl. 13, figs. 1, 2) (Brachiopoda). Opinion 1151
linnaeana Leach 1820 [originally in Pisidia], Dict. Sci. nat., 18: 54 (a junior objective synonym of longicornis Linnaeus 1767 [originally in Cancer]). Opinion 701
linnaei Boie in Boie 1827 [originally in Calamaria], Isis von Oken, 20(6): column 539 (specific name of the type species of the genus Calamaria H. Boie in F. Boie 1827), ruled under the plenary power not to be treated as a replacement name for Coluber calamarius Linnaeus 1758, but as a new available name published by H. Boie in F. Boie 1827 in conjunction with the diagnosis of the genus, and to be defined by the holotype RMNH 27 collected in Java, 1820–1823 by H. Kuhl and J.C. van Hasselt (Reptilia) Opinion 2196
linneella Clerck 1759 [originally in Phalaena], Icones Insectorum ..., p. 8, pl. xii (specific name of the type species of Chrysoclista Stainton 1854) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 1418
linnei Fieber 1853 [originally in Tettix], Lotos, 3: 142 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 1103
linteiformis Bertrand 1763 [originally in Eschara], Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 2: 155 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 592
Linthuris de Montfort 1808, Conchyliologie systématique et classification méthodique des coquilles. Coquilles univalves, cloisonnées, vol. 1, p. 254 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy) (Foraminiferida). Opinion 1571
lintingensis Osbeck 1765 [originally in Papilio], Reise nach Ostindien und China: 148 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 842
Linuparus White 1847, List Crust. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 70 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Palinurus trigonus von Siebold 1824, Hist. nat. japon.: 15) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 519
Linza Schrank 1802, Briefe naturhist. physikalisch. ökonom. Inhaltes an Nau: 91 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 418
Liocheles Sundevall 1833, Conspectus Arachnidum, p. 31 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Scorpio australasiae Fabricius 1775) (Arachnida). Opinion 2037
LIOCHELIDAE Fet & Bechly 2001 (1879), Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 58: 281 (type genus: Liocheles Sundevall 1833), ruled under the plenary power to have precedence over the name ISCHNURIDAE Simon 1879 (Arachnida). Opinion 2037
Liodes von Heyden 1826, Isis (Oken), 1826: 611 (a junior homonym of Leiodes Latreille 1796). Opinion 218
Liogryphaea Fischer 1885, Manuel Conchyl.: 927 (a junior objective synonym of Gryphaea Lamarck 1801). Opinion 338
Liogryphea Douvillé 1904, in Morgan, Miss. Sci. Perse, 3 (Études Géol. et Pal.) (4): 273 (an incorrect subsequent spelling for Liogryphaea Fischer 1885). Opinion 338
Liomera Dana 1851, Amer. J. Sci., (2)12: 124 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Carpilius cinctimanus White [1849], Zool. ‘Samarang’ (4) Crust.: 37) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 85, Direction 36, Direction 37
Liopelma Günther 1868, Proc. zool. Soc. London, 1868: 478 (an unjustified emendation of Leiopelma Fitzinger 1861). Opinion 1071
LIOPELMATINA Mivart 1869, Proc. zool. Soc. London, 1869: 291 (type genus: Leiopelma Fitzinger 1861) (an incorrect original spelling for LEIOPELMATIDAE Mivart 1869). Opinion 1071
LIOPELMIDAE Noble 1924, Amer. Mus. Novit. (132): 9 (type genus: Leiopelma Fitzinger 1861) (a junior objective synonym of LEIOPELMATIDAE Mivart 1869). Opinion 1071
Liopelte Holmberg 1917, Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 28: 557 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 2069
Lioteropelte Holmberg 1917, Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 28: 549 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 2069
LIOTHEIDAE Burmeister 1838, Handb. Entomol., 2(2): 436 (type genus: Liotheum Nitzsch 1818) (invalid because the name of the type genus has been suppressed under the plenary power). Opinion 628
Liotheum Nitzsch 1818, Mag. Entomol. (Germar), 3: 296 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 628
Lipaesthesius Rathbun 1898, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 21 (No. 1162): 584 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Lipaesthesius leeanus Rathbun 1898, Proc. U.S. nat. Mus., 21 (No. 1162): 585) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 85, Direction 37
LIPARIDAE (as LIPARIDES) Boisduval 1834, Icon. hist. Lepid. nouv. ou peu connus, 2: 134 (type genus: Liparis Ochsenheimer 1810) (invalid because the name of the type genus is a junior homonym). Opinion 1283
LIPARIDAE Gill 1861, Catalogue of the fishes of the eastern coast of North America, from Greenland to Georgia, p. 47 (type genus: Liparis Scopoli 1777), spelling confirmed following the ruling by the Commission that for the purposes of Article 29 of the Code the stem of the generic name Liparis Scopoli 1777 is LIPAR- (Osteichthyes, Scorpaeniformes). Opinion 1673
Liparis Ochsenheimer 1810, Schmett. Europas, 3: 186 (a junior homonym of Liparis Scopoli 1777). Opinion 1283
Liparis Scopoli 1777, J.A. Scopoli ... Introductio ad Historiam naturalem, sistens genera Lapidum, Plantarum et Animalium ..., p. 453 (gender: masculine) (type species, by absolute tautonymy: Cyclopterus liparis Linnaeus 1766) (Osteichthyes, Scorpaeniformes). Opinion 1673
liparis Linnaeus 1766 [originally in Cyclopterus], Systema Naturae, Ed. 12, vol. 1(1), p. 414 (specific name of the type species of Liparis Scopoli 1777) (Osteichthyes, Scorpaeniformes). Opinion 1673
Liparoceras Hyatt 1867, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 1 (No. 5): 83 (gender: neuter) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Liparoceras bronni Spath 1938, Cat. Ammon. Liass. Fam. Liparocerat.: 43) (Cephalopoda). Opinion 308
LIPAROCERATIDAE Hyatt 1867, Bull. Mus. comp. Zool., 1: 80 (type genus: Liparoceras Hyatt 1867) (Cephalopoda). Direction 14
Liparthrum Wollaston 1854, Catalogue of the coleopterous insects of the Canaries in the collection of the British Museum: 265 (gender: neuter) (type species, by original designation: Liparthrum (emendation of Leiparthrum) bituberculatum Wollaston 1854, Insecta Maderensia, being an account of the insects of the islands of the Madeiran group: 294) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 1166
Liperus Kellogg 1902, J. N.Y. entomol. Soc., 10: 22 (an unjustified emendation of Lipeurus Nitzsch 1818). Opinion 342
LIPEURIDAE Mjöberg 1910, Ark. Zool., 6 (No. 13): 82 (type genus: Lipeurus Nitzsch 1818) (Insecta, Mallophaga). Direction 28
Lipeurus Nitzsch 1818, Mag. Entomol. (Germar), 3: 292 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Pediculus caponis Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 614, as interpreted by the neotype designated by Clay & Hopkins 1955 (Ops. Decls. int. Comm. zool. Nomencl., 10: 288) namely the male specimen figured by Clay 1938 (Proc. zool. Soc. London (B), 108: 112, fig. 1a)) (Insecta, Mallophaga). Opinion 342
LIPHISTIIDAE Thorell 1869, On European Spiders: 43 (type genus: Liphistius Schiødte 1849) (Arachnida). Opinion 933
Liphistius Schiødte 1849, Nat. Tidskr., (2)2: 621 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Lipistius [sic] desultor Schiødte 1849, Nat. Tidskr., (2)2: 621) (Arachnida). Opinion 933
Lipistius Schiødte 1849, Nat. Tidskr., (2)2: 621 (an incorrect original spelling for Liphistius Schiødte 1849). Opinion 933
lippa Matthew 1902 [originally in Indiana], Canadian Rec. Sci., Montreal, 8: 461 (specific name of the type species of Indiana Matthew 1902) (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Opinion 570
Liptena Westwood [1851], in Doubleday, Gen. diurn. Lep. (2): pl. 77 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Liptena undularis Hewitson [1866], Ill. exot. Butts., 3: [120], pl. [60], fig. 7) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 566
LIPTENINAE Röber (1892), in Schatz, in Staudinger & Schatz, Exot. Schmett., 2(6): 262, 277 (type genus: Liptena Westwood [1851]) (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Opinion 566
Lirobarleeia Ponder 1983, Records of the Australian Museum, 35(6): 243 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Alvania nigrescens Bartsch & Rehder 1939) (Gastropoda). Opinion 1888
Liromytilus La Rocque 1948, Univ. Microfilms Publ., No. 1059: 51 (included in a work issued in microfilm and rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 318
Lironeca Leach 1847, in White, List of the specimens of Crustacea in the collections of the British Museum, p. 109, ruled by the Commission to be an incorrect subsequent spelling of Livoneca Leach 1818 (Crustacea, Isopoda). Opinion 1849
Lissa Leach 1815, Zool. Miscell., 2: 69 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Cancer chiragra Fabricius 1775, Syst. Entomol.: 409) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 522
lissana Werner 1891 [originally in Lacerta muralis fusca var.], Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 41: 752 (conserved under the plenary power) (Reptilia). Opinion 642
Lissatrypa Twenhofel 1914, Museum Bulletin, Canadian Geological Survey, 3: 31 (gender: feminine) (type species, by original designation and monotypy: Lissatrypa atheroidea Twenhofel 1914) (Brachiopoda). Opinion 2022
Lissocarcinus Adams & White [1849], Zool. ‘Samarang’, (4) Crust.: 45 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Lissocarcinus polybioides Adams & White [1849], Zool. ‘Samarang’, (4) Crust.: 46) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 73, Direction 37
Lissocarcinus Adams & White 1847, in White, List Crust. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 126 (a nomen nudum). Direction 37
Lissochlamis Sacco 1897, Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia comparata della Reale Università di Torino, 12(298): 102 (ruled under the plenary power to be an incorrect original spelling of Lissochlamys) (Bivalvia) Opinion 2203
Lissochlamys Sacco 1897, (30 December). I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria, Parte 24, p. 46 (gender: feminine), type species by original designation Pecten excisus Bronn 1831 (Bivalvia) Opinion 2203
Lissula Rafinesque 1818, Amer. mon. Mag., 2: 272 (a junior objective synonym of Lissa Leach 1815). Opinion 522
listeri Sowerby 1812 [originally in Ammonites], Brit. Min., 5: 97, pl. 455, as interpreted by the lectotype designated and figured by Stubblefield 1951 (Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (12)4: 123, pl. 7, figs. 2a-c) (specific name of the type species of Gastrioceras Hyatt 1884) (Cephalopoda). Opinion 420
listeri Mantell 1822 [originally in Belemnites], Foss. South Downs: 88, pl. xix, figs. 17, 18, 23 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 430
listeri Martin 1809 [originally in Conchyliolithus Anomites], Petrif. derb.: sign. P[4], pl. 35, fig. 3 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 420
listeri Sowerby 1817 [originally in Unio], Min. Conch., 2: 123 (specific name of the type species of Cardinia
Agassiz [1841]) (Bivalvia). Opinion 292
listerianum Milne Edwards 1841 [originally in Leptoclinum], Mémoires de l’Académie des Sciences de l’Institut de France, 18: 300 (senior subjective synonym of Diplosoma rayneri MacDonald 1859, the type species of Diplosoma MacDonald 1859) (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Opinion 1412
Listronites Bertrand 1763, Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 2: 92 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 592
Lithadia Bell 1855, Proc. linn. Soc. London, 2: 434; id., 1855, Trans. linn. Soc. London, 21: 305 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Lithadia cumingii Bell 1855, Proc. linn. Soc. London, 2: 434; id., 1855, Trans. linn. Soc. London, 21: 305) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 73, Direction 37
Lithasia Haldeman 1840, Monogr. Limniades or freshwater univalve shells of North America, Suppl. to No. 1: 1 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Anculosa (Lithasia) geniculata Haldeman 1840, Monogr. Limniades or freshwater univalve shells of North America, Suppl. to No. 1: 1) (Gastropoda). Opinion 1195
LITHOBIIDAE Newport 1844 (May), Proc. linn. Soc. London, 1844(20): 192; id. [post May] 1844, Trans. linn. Soc. London, 19: 275, 360 (type genus: Lithobius [Leach 1814]) (Chilopoda). Opinion 454
Lithobius [Leach 1814], in Brewster’s Edinburgh Ency., 7(2): 408 (gender: masculine) (type species, by designation by Latreille 1831 (Cours Entomol.: 658): Scolopendra forficata Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 638) (Chilopoda). Opinion 454
Lithodes Latreille 1806, Gen. Crust. Ins., 1: 39 (gender: masculine) (type species, by monotypy: Cancer maja Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 629) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 511
LITHODIADAE Samouelle 1819, Entomol. useful Compendium: 90 (type genus: Lithodes Latreille 1806) (an incorrect original spelling for LITHODIDAE Samouelle 1819). Opinion 511
LITHODIDAE (correction of LITHODIADAE) Samouelle 1819, Entomol. useful Compendium: 90 (type genus: Lithodes Latreille 1806) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 511
lithographica von Meyer 1861 [originally in Archaeopteryx], Neues Jahrb. Min., 1861: 679 (specific name of the type species of Archaeopteryx von Meyer 1861), ruled under the plenary power to have been made available by von Meyer 1861 in Archaeopterix lithographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterodactylus von Solenhofen. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde, p. 679, as defined by the neotype BMNH 37001 at the Natural History Museum, London, and to be given precedence over the specific name crassipes, as published in the binomen Pterodactylus crassipes von Meyer 1857, whenever the two names are considered synonyms (Aves). Opinion 607, original entry amended as per Opinion 1070 and Opinion 2283
Lithostreon Bertrand 1763, Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 2: 92 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 592
Lithostrotion Fleming 1828, Hist. brit. Anim.: 508 (gender: neuter) (type species, by designation under the plenary power: Lithostrotion striatum Fleming 1828, Hist. brit. Anim.: 508) (Anthozoa). Opinion 117
Lithostrotium Agassiz 1846, Nomencl. zool. Index Univ.: 214 (an unjustified emendation of Lithostrotion Fleming 1828). Direction 76
Litocheira Kinahan 1856, J. roy. Dublin Soc., 1: 116, 121 (gender: feminine) (type species, by monotypy: Litocheira bispinosa Kinahan 1856, J. roy. Dublin Soc., 1: 121) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Opinion 85, Direction 37
litoralis Banner 1948 [originally in Pugetomysis], Trans. roy. canad. Inst., 27(57): 104-106, pl. 6, fig. 18, as interpreted by the lectotype designated by Holmquist 1958 (Medd. om Grønl., 159(4): 6) (specific name of the type species of Pugetomysis Banner 1948) (Crustacea, Mysidacea). Opinion 578
litoreus Broun 1880 [originally in Staphylinus], Manual of the New Zealand Coleoptera, part 1, p. 108, ruled under the plenary power to be not invalid by reason of being a junior primary homonym of S. littoreus Linnaeus 1758 (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2053
litteratus Fabricius 1798 [originally in Cancer], Suppl. Entomol. syst.: 342 (specific name of the type species of Varuna Milne Edwards 1830) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Direction 36
littoralis Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Cimex], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 442 (specific name of the type species of Salda Fabricius 1803) (Insecta, Hemiptera). Opinion 245
littoralis Scott & Scott 1893 [originally in Laophonte], Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (6)12: 238 (specific name of the type species of Mesolaophonte Nicholls 1941) (Crustacea, Copepoda). Opinion 2249
littoralis Rafinesque 1817 [originally in Psammylla], Amer. mon. Mag. crit. Review, 2: 41 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 1133
littoralis Bertrand 1763 [originally in Scopula], Dict. Univ. Foss. Propres Foss. Accid., 2: 176 (included in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes). Opinion 592
littoralis Cuvier [1797-1798] [originally in Unio], Tabl. élém. Hist. nat. Anim.: 425 (Bivalvia). Opinion 336
littoreus Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Staphylinus], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 422 (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2053
littoreus Linnaeus 1758 [originally in Turbo], Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 761 (specific name of the type species of Littorina Férussac 1822) (Gastropoda). Opinion 1159
Littorina Férussac 1822, Tabl. syst. anim. moll., pp. XI (16.2.1822), XXIV (13.4.1822), the dates fide Kennard 1942, Proc. malac. Soc. London, 25: 12-17, 105-118 (gender: feminine) (type species, by designation by Anton 1838 (Verzeichniss der Conchylien: 52): Turbo littoreus Linnaeus 1758, Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 761) (Gastropoda). Opinion 1159
lituellum Mörch 1861 [originally in Siphonium (Dendropoma)], Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1861: 154 (specific name of the type species of Dendropoma Mörch 1861) (Gastropoda). Opinion 1425
Lituina Link 1807, Beschr. nat.-Samml. Univ. Rostock (2): 84 (a junior objective synonym of Spirula Lamarck 1799). Opinion 315
liturata Gmelin 1790 [originally in Tenthredo], in Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, Ed. 13, vol. 1, part 5, p. 2668 (senior subjective synonym of Tenthredo guttata Fallén 1808, the type species of Poecilostoma Dahlbom 1835) (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Opinion 1963
Lius Chevrolat 1838, Revue Entomologique, 5: 104 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2112
Lius Deyrolle 1865, Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 8: 219 (gender: masculine) (type species, by subsequent designation by Cobos 1979, Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 76: 425: Brachys ignitus Gory & Laporte 1840) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 2112
livea Kerr 1792 [originally in Simia (Papio)], The Animal Kingdom, Mammalia: 62 (suppressed under the plenary power for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy). Opinion 935
livia Gmelin 1789 [originally in Columba domestica] (Aves). ICZN 2018: Opinion 2424
lividus Forster 1771 [originally in Dytiscus], Nov. Spec. Ins.: 52 (specific name of the type species of Helochares Mulsant 1844) (Insecta, Coleoptera). Opinion 710
Livoneca Leach 1818, in Cuvier (Ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, vol. 12, p. 351 (gender: feminine) (type species, by subsequent designation by Fowler 1912, Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1911: 278: Livoneca redmanii Leach 1818), ruled by the Commission to be the correct original spelling (Crustacea, Isopoda). Opinion 1849
LIVONECINAE Schioedte & Meinert 1884, Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, (3)14: 325 (type genus: Livoneca Leach 1818) (Crustacea, Isopoda). Opinion 1849
livonica von Buch 1834 [originally in Terebratula], Abh. Kön. Ak. Wiss. zu Berlin: 57 (specific name of the type species of Ripidiorhynchus Sartenaer 1966) (Brachiopoda). Opinion 907
liza Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1836 [originally in Mugil], Histoire naturelle des poissons, vol. 11, p. 83, as defined by the lectotype (specimen no. A.4659 in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) designated by Harrison 1993, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 50: 146 (Osteichthyes, Perciformes). Opinion 1787
Lizinus Mulsant & Rey 1870, Histoire naturelle des punaises de France. Coréides, Alydides,Bérytides, Sténocéphalides, p. 212 (gender: masculine) (type species, by subsequent designation by Péricart 1984, Faune de France, vol. 70, p. 58: Berytus montivagus Meyer-Dür 1841), ruled under the plenary power to be given precedence over Melorus Mulsant & Rey 1870, but not to be given priority over Berytinus Kirkaldy 1900, whenever it and one of the other nominal genera are considered to be synonyms (Insecta, Heteroptera). Opinion 1504