CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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(1) In larva on fore leg [burrowing – see Fossoriae (1)] tarsus is fused with tibia (Kluge 2004: Fig.73:E; Tshernova & Bajkova 1960: Fig.2). Non-unique apomorphy, similar fusion in Campsurus/fg1.

(2) Patella-tibial suture (initially present on middle and hind legs) is lost on all legs of larva (Tshernova & Bajkova 1960: Fig.2). Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [1.2.18]).

(3) On maxilla both dentisetae [see Bidentiseta (1)] are lost (Tshernova & Bajkova 1960: Fig.2; Elpers & Tomka 1994b: Fig.2a-d).

Plesiomorphies of Protobehningia (unlike Behningia/fg2). Maxilla is not diminished, with 2 canines [without dentisetae – see (3)]; maxillary palp is not large, its muscles are not thickened; labium is normally developed, with elongate glossae and paraglossae; labial palp of moderate size, its muscles are not thickened; on all legs well-developed pointed claws are present (Tshernova & Bajkova 1960: Fig.2; Elpers & Tomka 1994b: Fig.1–6). Longitudinal ridges of larval abdomen [see Behningia/fg1 (1)] are not widened, thus tergalial bases are visible from above (Kluge 2004: Fig.73:E; Tshernova & Bajkova 1960: Fig.1). On fore wing CuA [see Behningia/fg1 (6) and Anteritorna (1)] without furcation (Tshernova & Bajkova 1960: Fig.3; Peters & Gillies 1991: Fig.4). Gonostylus [without distal segments – see Behningia/fg1 (10)] is 2-segmented, as its proximal segment is expressed, being very short (Peters & Gillies 1991: Fig.3).