CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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(1) Mandibular tusks [see Fimbriatotergaliae (8)] are curved medially (probably plesiomorphy, as the same in Potamanthus/fg1, Euthyplocia/fg1, Polymitarcys/f1=Ephoron/g2); dorsal and lateral sides of tusks with numerous tubercles (the same in Polymitarcys/f2=Ephoron/g3).

(2) Apex of larval fore tibia projects posteriad of tarsus base and forms two projections – outer-apical and inner-apical ones, with incision between them. Similar in Hexagenia/fg1 and Palingenia/f2=g1 (Kluge 2004: Fig.74:D–E); possibly, symplesiomorphy [see Fossoriae (1)].

(3) Tergalius I [see Fimbriatotergaliae (6)] is vestigial, bilamellate, without processes. The same in majority of Fossoriae (except for Behningia/fg1) and in Euthyplocia/fg1; possibly, symplesiomorphy.

(4) Imaginal and subimaginal paracercus of male is vestigial, while paracercus of female is subequal to cerci. Non-unique apomorphy (see Index of characters [2.3.22]); among Fossoriae the same in Cryptoprosternata.

Plesiomorphies of Ichthybotus. In larva: Maxilla with 3 canines and 2 dentisetae [see Bidentiseta (1)]. Maxillary palp is 3-segmented; labial palp is 3-segmented (unlike Cryptoprosternata). Larval (and adult) patella-tibial suture is developed on middle and hind legs only. Unlike Ephemera/fg9, all tergalii are attached to posterior part of segment.

In imago and subimago: Mesonotal suture is moderately stretched posteriorly, and subimaginal mesonotal cuticle has pigmented areas of characteristic shape [see Fimbriatotergaliae (2)]. Furcasternal protuberances are contiguous (unlike Campsurus/fg1, Caenotergaliae and some others – see Index of characters [2.2.23]). In cubital field of fore wing several (3–4) branched veins go from CuA to basitornal margin [see Anteritorna (1)]. Claws of all legs (including fore legs of male) are ephemeropteroid. Gonostylus is 4-segmented (i.e. with expressed 1^st segment and with 2 distal segments).