CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphy of Caenis/f5=g3.

(1) Grooves of gonostyli [see Caenoptera (5)] are lost. In a few species gonostyli retain bowed shape and strong musculature: in Australian species Caenisf6=g4 tonnoiri [Tasmanocoenis] and dostini [Wundacaenis], as well as in a similar undescribed species from Thailand, gonostyli resemble that of Tillyardocaenis, but without grooves; in Palaearctic species rivulorum [Caenis] and some others gonostyli are also strong and bowed. In majority of Caenis/f5=g3 (including the type species of Caenis) gonostyli are more straight, less sclerotized, with weak muscles, apically often with a thin projection or a bunch of spines; it some species gonostyli are vestigial, non-functional, shorter than penis.