CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Hagenulus/fg3.

(1) Mouth apparatus and fore legs are specialised as filtering, with unique regular longitudinal rows of long filtering setae on labial palps and fore tibiae (see below); mouth parts (labrum, mandibles, superlinguae, hypopharynx, maxillae and labium) are strongly widened and modified more or less similarly to that of some other taxa with "Dilatognathus-type" mouth apparatus (Kluge 2012) (see Index of characters [1.1.12]); such modifications are not found in other Hagenulus/fg1.

Labrum is more or less widened, wider than clypeus, but flat, not rolled ventrally (unlike some other taxa with widened labrum – see Index of characters [1.1.13]); unlike Hermanellognatha, it retains wide median incision. Regular transverse row of long setae [see Atalophlebopectinata (2)] is shifted to proximal part of labrum and interrupted medially (see Index of characters [1.1.14]) (Peters 1971: Fig.186–189).

Mandibles are flattened and widened correspondingly to clypeus and labrum, with outer margin angulate (see Index of characters [1.1.18]) (Peters 1972: Fig.171–172).

Inner-apical angle of maxilla is strongly produced as a tusk-like process; unlike some other taxa with such maxillary task (see Index of characters [1.1.29]), dentiseta [see Atalophlebomaxillata (1)] and ventro-apical row of pectinate setae are retained, being somewhat reduced in number – 7–9 setae in lateral portion and 7 setae in median portion [see Hagenulus/fg2 ()] (Kluge 1993: Fig.32). Stipes of maxilla is shortened, so maxillary palp is attached close to articulation with cardo (see Index of characters [1.1.41]). 1^st segment of maxillary palp is robust (but not so shortened as in Hermanella/g1), 3^rd (distal) segment is elongate and bears numerous irregular long filtering setae (see Index of characters [1.1.46]).

Labial palp has 1^st segment with straight (not convex) fore margin; 2^nd segment elongate, with two regular rows of very long setae, both rows are connected proximally on dorsal side (see Index of characters [1.1.58]) (Peters 1971: Fig.143–144; Kluge 1994: Fig.25); 3^rd segment is short and non-specialised, as in majority of Hagenulus/fg1 (in contrast to Dilatognathus which has similar filtering labial palps).

Fore tibia has two regular rows of very long setae on inner-dorsal side, both rows are connected proximally; the most dorsal of these rows is regular up to apex of tibia, becoming more and more sparse distally; the row on inner margin is regular only in proximal part, in middle part of tibia becoming irregular; between these rows of long setae rows of smaller setae are situated (Peters 1971: Fig.1–2; Kluge 1994: Fig.26–27).

Characters of Hagenulus/fg3 of unclear phylogenetic status. 

() Female imago with long secondary ovipositor – an unpaired process of abdominal sternum VII, bearing a pair of small papillae on dorsal (posterior) side near apex (Peters 1971: Fig.114–115). The same in Borinquena (see Index of characters [2.3.4]); possibly synapomorphy.

Plesiomorphies of Hagenulus/fg3.

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