CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA
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Cloeon/fg2

(Panephemeroptera Euephemeroptera Euplectoptera Anteritorna pm.Tridentiseta
Tetramerotarsata Liberevenata Turbanoculata
Anteropatellata Cloeon/fg1 - Cloeon/fg2)

Nomen hierarchicum: Cloeon/fg2 [f:1853; g:1815] (sine Centroptilum, Similicloeon, Intercloeon, Pseudocentroptilum, Procloeon) synn.obj.:

In circumscription fits:
— subgen. Cloeon: Kluge & Novikova 1992: 64

— gen. Cloeon: Kluge 2016:491-516: 493

— Cloeon/fg2: Kluge 2012:361-376: 362

Objective synonyms of Cloeon/fg: Cloe/g [g:1839], Cloeopsis/g [g:1866]

Nominal taxon included:

Promatsumura/g [g:1988] syn.obj. Procloeon Matsumura 1931 (non Procloeon Bengtsson 1915)]

References. Kluge & Novikova 1992: * *; – Kluge 2016:491-516: * *

Autapomorphies of Cloeon/fg2.

(1) Each tergalius is strongly widened, with strongly convex costal margin, thus having nearly circular form; tergalii I–VI always with large dorsal lamella [see Cloeon/fg1 ()], the dorsal lamella of tergalii II–VI with a projected anterior-proximal lobe.

(2) Imaginal fore wing with dark pigmentation: anterior part of wing pigmented, with non-pigmented blanks bordering crossveins; this pigmentation is better developed in females: it can be either present in both sexes, or in female only, or absent in both sexes (tanzaniae [Cloeon], amaniensis [Cloeon] and sp.n. from Rwenzori). The same in Callibaetis/fg1.

(3) Viviparous. Eggs in female abdomen without stout chorion. Non-unique apomorphy, the same in Oculogaster and Callibaetis/fg1.

Characters of Cloeon/fg2 of unclear phylogenetic status.

(4) Larval caudalii with strongly stretched last segments, which lack swimming setae. The same in majority of Turbanoculata, except for Pseudocentroptilum and Procloeon/g1. Probably, plesiomorphy in limits of Turbanoculata.

(5) External prijection on penial bridge [see Cloeon/fg1 ()] is conic. The same in Centroptilum/g1.

(6) Hind wings [see Cloeon/fg1 ()] are always absent (see Index of characters [2.2.59]).

Plesiomorphies and variable characters of Cloeon/fg2. Labial palp with 3^rd segment [truncate – see Cloeon/fg1 ()] either non-widened, or widened apically (in gr. tanzaniae (tanzaniae [Cloeon] and sp.n. from Rwenzori);, smaeleni [Cloeon], virgiliae [Austrocloeon] et al.). Unlike Procloeon/g1, larval cerci without enlarged spines on outer side.

Size. Fore wing length 4–10 mm (see Tetramerotarsata).

Distribution. Holarctic, Oriental, Afrotropical and Australian Regions; dominate in Old World, in Nearctic 1 species only. One species, smaeleni [Cloeon] introduced from Africa to South America.

Nominal species in Cloeon/fg2:

affine Navás 1930 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. smaeleni [Cloeon]

affinis Rambur 1842 [Cloe] — syn.subj. cognatum [Cloeon]

agnewi Hubbard 1973 [Cloeon] — syn.obj. exiguum [Austrocloeon]

annulata Müller 1776 [Ephemera] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

apicalis Costa 1882 [Cloe] — syn.subj. cognatum [Cloeon]

apicatum Navas 1933 [Cloeon] nom.praeocc. — syn.obj. navasi [Cloeon] — syn.subj. viridulum [Cloeon] --

areolatum Navas 1930 [Cloeon]

arenorum Gattolliat & Sartori 2008 [Cloeon]

amaniensis Gillies 1985 [Cloeon]

bellum Navas 1931 [Cloeon]

bengalense Kimmins 1947 [Cloeon]

bicolor Kimmins 1947 [Cloeon] --

bimaculatum Eaton 1885 [Cloeon] --

cambouei Navas 1931 [Cloeon]

cognatum Stephens 1835 [Cloeon] --

consobrinum Walker 1853 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. cognatum [Cloeon]

coomani Navas 1935 [Cloeon]

crassi Agnew 1961 [Cloeon]

dimidiatum Curtis 1834 [Cloeon] — nomen dubium

diptera Linnaeus 1761 [Ephemera] — typus nominis Cloeon --

durani Navas 1926 [Cloeon]

elevatum Agnew 1961 [Cloeon]

emmanueli Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1998 [Cloeon]

exiguum Crass 1947 [Austrocloeon]

fluviatile Ulmer 1920 [Cloeon]

fraudulentum Demoulin 1957 [Procloeon] — syn.subj. smaeleni [Cloeon]

gambiae Gillies 1980 [Cloeon]

gillican Ali 1967 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

gilliesi Ali 1970 [Cloeon] — syn.obj. gillican [Cloeon] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

harveyi Kimmins 1947 [Procloeon] — ?syn.subj. bimaculatum [Cloeon] --

incertum Demoulin 1957 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. smaeleni [Cloeon]

inscriptum Bengtsson 1914 [Cloeon] --

karachinensis Ali 1970 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

kashmiri Traver 1939 [Cloeon]

kimminsi Hubbard 1974 [Cloeon]

lacunosum Barnard 1932 [Cloeon]

marginalis Hagen 1858 [Cloe] ,

marmoratum Curtis 1834 [Cloeon] — nomen dubium

micki Tong & Dudgeon 2021 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. viridulum [Cloeon]

morna Soldán & Bojkova 2015 [Cloeon]

navasi Bruggen 1957 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. viridulum [Cloeon] --

nipponicum Matsumura 1931 [Procloeon] — typus nominis Promatsumura

obscurum Curtis 1834 [Cloeon] — nomen dubium

pallida Leach 1815 [Cloeon] — nomen dubium

paludinosum Crass 1947 [ Austrocloeon] — syn.subj. virgiliae [Austrocloeon]

paradieniensis Suter 1986 [Cloeon]

peregrinator Gattolliat & Sartori (in Gattolliat & Hughes & Monaghan & Sartori 2008) [Cloeon]

perkinsi Barnard 1932 [Cloeon] --

pielinum Navas 1933 [Cloeon] — ?syn.subj. viridulum [Cloeon] --

punctatum Navás 1931 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. smaeleni [Cloeon]

rhodesiae Barnard 1932 [Cloeon]

rimosum Navas 1935 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. bellum [Cloeon]

robustum Bogoescu 1933 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

rufula Müller 1776 [Ephemera] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

saharense Soldan & Thomas 1983 [Cloeon]

samoense Tilyard 1928 [Cloeon]

scitulum Kimmins 1956 [Cloeon]

sidadi Soldán & Bojkova 2015 [Cloeon]

sinensis Walker 1853 [Caenis] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

smaeleni Lestage 1924 [Cloeon] --

stigmale Navas 1936 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. rhodesiae [Cloeon]

szegedi Jacob 1969 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

tadjikistanicus Brodsky 1930 [Cloeon] --

tamagavanum Matsumura 1931 [Procloeon]

tanzaniae Gillies 1985 [Cloeon]

tasmaniae Tillyard 1936 [Cloeon]

virgiliae Barnard 1932 [Austrocloeon]

virgo Walker 1853 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. cognatum [Cloeon]

virens Klapalek 1905 [Cloeon]

viridulum Navas 1931 [Cloeon] --

viridis Kimmins 1947 [Cloeon] nom.praeocc. — syn.obj. kimminsi [Cloeon]

waterloti Demoulin 1966 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. durani [Cloeon]

zimini Tshernova 1930 [Cloeon] — syn.subj. diptera [Ephemera]

Examined also:

sp.n. (gr. tanzaniae) (Uganda, Rwenzori Mts.) --