CLADOENDESIS OF EPHEMEROPTERA

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Autapomorphies of Centroptilum.

(1) Hind wing [see Turbanoculata (10)] pointed; in other respects it is of the "Centroptilum-type": relatively narrow and long, with long hooked costal projection (see Index of characters [2.2.59-60]).

(2) Tergalii of characteristic shape, pointed and lanceolate; costal and anal margins are bordered by ribs in proximal parts. 

Characters of Centroptilum of unclear phylogenetic status. 

() Mandibles of «Centroptilum-type»: kinetodontium is separated from incisor (but immovable) and rotated perpendicular to the plane of mandible, so that its denticles hide one another in dorsal or ventral view; left prostheca is bifurcate and rotated in the same manner (see Index of characters [1.1.22], [1.1.24]).

() Dorsal surface of labrum with irregularly situated setae, without constant pair of submedian setae and without regular latero-distal setal rows . The same in Anafroptilum, some Cloeon/fg1 and some other (see Index of characters [1.1.14]).

(3) Tergalii are able to make rhythmical respiratory movements (see Index of characters [1.3.30]). 

Plesiomorphies of Centroptilum.

(4) Gonovectes retain free median ends, which are not fused with penial bridge [see Liberevenata (4)] (see Index of characters [2.3.16a]) [unlike Cloeon/fg1 (incl. Procloeon)].

(5) Median gonostylar muscle is well developed.

(6) In mature larva which is ready to molt to subimago, buds of  gonostyli are folded under larval cuticle by the "Cloeon-type": 2^nd segment of gonostylus is directed laterally, and 3^rd segment is curved caudally and medially [see Turbanoculata (13)] (unlike Baetovectata – see Index of characters [2.3.9]).

(7) On fore wing in each space always only 1 marginal intercalary can be present [see Liberevenata (2)] (unlike Baetovectata – see Index of characters [2.2.55]).

(8) Unlike Procloeon/g1 (with which Centroptilum often was confused) larval cerci without enlarged spines on outer side, with strongly stretched last segments, which lack swimming setae..